וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל דָּוִ֤ד בַּֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאֶֽעֱלֶה֙ אֶל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים הֲתִתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיָדִ֑י וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־דָּוִד֙ עֲלֵ֔ה כִּֽי־נָתֹ֥ן אֶתֵּ֛ן אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃
And Dawid inquired of YHWH, saying, “Shall I go up against the Pelishtim? Will You give them into my hand?” And YHWH said to Dawid, “Go up, for surely I will give the Pelishtim into your hand.”
Morphology
- וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל (vayyishaʾal) – Root: שׁאל; Form: Wayyiqtol (Qal imperfect 3ms); Translation: “And he inquired”; Notes: Dawid seeks divine guidance.
- דָּוִ֤ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the inquiry.
- בַּֽיהוָה֙ (ba-YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “of YHWH”; Notes: The one being asked.
- לֵאמֹ֔ר (leʾemor) – Root: אמר; Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- הַאֶֽעֱלֶה֙ (ha-eʿeleh) – Root: עלה; Form: Interrogative + Qal imperfect 1cs; Translation: “Shall I go up?”; Notes: Dawid’s question to YHWH.
- אֶל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים (el-Pelishtim) – Root: פלשׁת; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “against the Pelishtim”; Notes: Target of proposed action.
- הֲתִתְּנֵ֖ם (ha-tittenem) – Root: נתן; Form: Interrogative + Qal imperfect 2ms + 3mp suffix; Translation: “Will You give them”; Notes: Refers to YHWH handing over the enemy.
- בְּיָדִ֑י (be-yadi) – Root: יד; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular + 1cs suffix; Translation: “into my hand”; Notes: Expresses control or victory.
- וַיֹּ֨אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר; Form: Wayyiqtol (Qal imperfect 3ms); Translation: “And He said”; Notes: YHWH’s response.
- יְהוָ֤ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Speaker of the divine answer.
- אֶל־דָּוִד֙ (el-Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Dawid”; Notes: Recipient of the response.
- עֲלֵ֔ה (ʿaleh) – Root: עלה; Form: Qal imperative 2ms; Translation: “Go up”; Notes: Divine command to attack.
- כִּֽי־נָתֹ֥ן אֶתֵּ֛ן (ki-naton etten) – Root: נתן; Form: Conjunction + Qal infinitive absolute + Qal imperfect 1cs; Translation: “for surely I will give”; Notes: Infinitive absolute emphasizes certainty.
- אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים (et-ha-Pelishtim) – Root: פלשׁת; Form: Definite object marker + proper noun; Translation: “the Pelishtim”; Notes: Object of divine action.
- בְּיָדֶֽךָ (be-yadekha) – Root: יד; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular + 2ms suffix; Translation: “into your hand”; Notes: Assures Dawid of success.