וַיָּבֹ֨א דָוִ֥ד בְּבַֽעַל־פְּרָצִים֮ וַיַּכֵּ֣ם שָׁ֣ם דָּוִד֒ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר פָּרַ֨ץ יְהוָ֧ה אֶת־אֹיְבַ֛י לְפָנַ֖י כְּפֶ֣רֶץ מָ֑יִם עַל־כֵּ֗ן קָרָ֛א שֵֽׁם־הַמָּקֹ֥ום הַה֖וּא בַּ֥עַל פְּרָצִֽים׃
And Dawid came to Baʿal-Peratsim, and Dawid struck them there. And he said, YHWH has broken through my enemies before me like the breakthrough of water; therefore he called the name of that place Baʿal-Peratsim.
Morphology
- וַיָּבֹ֨א (vayyavo) – Root: בוא; Form: Wayyiqtol (Qal imperfect 3ms); Translation: “And he came”; Notes: Refers to Dawid arriving at the battle location.
- דָוִ֥ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- בְּבַֽעַל־פְּרָצִים (be-Vaʿal-Peratsim) – Root: בעל + פרץ; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Baʿal-Peratsim”; Notes: The name means “Lord of Breakthroughs.”
- וַיַּכֵּ֣ם (vayyakkem) – Root: נכה; Form: Wayyiqtol (Hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix); Translation: “and he struck them”; Notes: Dawid defeats the Pelishtim.
- שָׁ֣ם (sham) – Root: שם; Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Locative adverb.
- דָּוִד (Dawid) – As above; repeated for emphasis in the narrative.
- וַיֹּ֕אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר; Form: Wayyiqtol (Qal imperfect 3ms); Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Introduces Dawid’s declaration.
- פָּרַ֨ץ (parats) – Root: פרץ; Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “has broken through”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s intervention.
- יְהוָ֧ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the verb “has broken through.”
- אֶת־אֹיְבַ֛י (et-ʾoyevai) – Root: אויב; Form: Definite object marker + noun masculine plural + 1cs suffix; Translation: “my enemies”; Notes: Object of the verb.
- לְפָנַ֖י (lefanai) – Root: פנים; Form: Preposition + noun plural + 1cs suffix; Translation: “before me”; Notes: Indicates presence or confrontation.
- כְּפֶ֣רֶץ (ke-ferets) – Root: פרץ; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like a breakthrough”; Notes: Metaphor for a powerful force.
- מָ֑יִם (mayim) – Root: מים; Form: Noun masculine dual (pl. form used); Translation: “of water”; Notes: Indicates strength and sudden force.
- עַל־כֵּ֗ן (ʿal-ken) – Root: כן; Form: Preposition + demonstrative particle; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Causal connector.
- קָרָ֛א (qara) – Root: קרא; Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “he called”; Notes: Refers to naming the location.
- שֵֽׁם־הַמָּקֹ֥ום (shem-ha-maqom) – Root: שם + מקום; Form: Construct chain: noun + definite noun; Translation: “the name of the place”; Notes: Construct chain indicating naming.
- הַה֖וּא (ha-hu) – Root: הוא; Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Refers back to the location mentioned.
- בַּ֥עַל פְּרָצִֽים (Baʿal-Peratsim) – Root: בעל + פרץ; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Baʿal-Peratsim”; Notes: Name commemorating YHWH’s breakthrough victory.