בְּנֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נֹתְר֤וּ אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָכְל֛וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְהַֽחֲרִימָ֑ם וַיַּעֲלֵ֤ם שְׁלֹמֹה֙ לְמַס־עֹבֵ֔ד עַ֖ד הַיֹּ֥ום הַזֶּֽה׃
Their sons who were left after them in the land, whom the children of Yisraʾel were not able to devote to destruction—Shelomo made them a labor force of tribute until this day.
Morphology
- בְּנֵיהֶם (benehem) – Root: בן; Form: Construct plural noun + 3mp suffix; Translation: “their sons”; Notes: Refers to the descendants of the Kenaʿani peoples.
- אֲשֶׁר (asher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- נֹתְרוּ (noteru) – Root: יתר; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “were left”; Notes: Passive verb indicating remnant status.
- אַחֲרֵיהֶם (aḥareihem) – Root: אחר; Form: Preposition + 3mp suffix; Translation: “after them”; Notes: Refers to their ancestors.
- בָּאָרֶץ (ba-aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition + definite noun; Translation: “in the land”; Notes: Refers to the land of Yisraʾel.
- אֲשֶׁר (asher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Begins subordinate clause.
- לֹא־יָכְלוּ (lo-yakhelu) – Root: יכל; Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “were not able”; Notes: Expresses inability.
- בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (bene Yisraʾel) – Root: בן / ישראל; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “children of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Subject of the verb “were not able.”
- לְהַחֲרִימָם (le-haḥarimam) – Root: חרם; Form: Hifil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix; Translation: “to devote them to destruction”; Notes: Refers to *herem*, the ban devoted to YHWH.
- וַיַּעֲלֵם (va-yaʿalem) – Root: עלה; Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular + 3mp suffix; Translation: “and Shelomoh made them [go up]”; Notes: Idiomatic for conscripting labor.
- שְׁלֹמֹה (Shelomoh) – Root: שלמה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shelomoh”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
- לְמַס־עֹבֵד (le-mas ʿoved) – Root: מס / עבד; Form: Preposition + construct chain; Translation: “for forced labor”; Notes: Tribute in the form of labor rather than goods.
- עַד (ʿad) – Root: עד; Form: Preposition; Translation: “until”; Notes: Introduces duration.
- הַיּוֹם (ha-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Definite noun; Translation: “the day”; Notes: Indicates present time.
- הַזֶּה (ha-zeh) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies “day.”