וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לֹ֛ו צִדְקִיָּ֥ה בֶֽן־כְּנַעֲנָ֖ה קַרְנֵ֣י בַרְזֶ֑ל וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּאֵ֛לֶּה תְּנַגַּ֥ח אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם עַד־כַּלֹּתָֽם׃
And Tsidqiyahu son of Kenaʿana made for himself horns of iron, and said, “Thus says YHWH: ‘With these you shall gore Aram until they are consumed.’”
Morphology
- וַיַּעַשׂ (va-yaʿas) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he made”; Notes: Indicates intentional action, creating a symbolic object.
- לֹו (lo) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “for himself”; Notes: Reflexive use of the preposition.
- צִדְקִיָּה (Tsidqiyahu) – Root: צדק (tsedeq); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Tsidqiyahu”; Notes: A prophet among the 400 mentioned earlier.
- בֶן־כְּנַעֲנָה (ben-Kenaʿanah) – Root: בן (ben), כנען (Kenaʿanah); Form: Construct chain: noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of Kenaʿanah”; Notes: Genealogical identification.
- קַרְנֵי (qarnei) – Root: קרן (qeren); Form: Noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “horns of”; Notes: Symbolic implements, often representing power in prophetic imagery.
- בַרְזֶל (barzel) – Root: ברזל (barzel); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “iron”; Notes: Implies strength and invincibility.
- וַיֹּאמֶר (va-yoʾmer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Introduction to direct prophetic speech.
- כֹּה־אָמַר (koh-amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Demonstrative adverb + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Thus says”; Notes: Standard prophetic formula.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Used to lend divine authority to the prophecy, though possibly falsely invoked here.
- בְּאֵלֶּה (be-ʾelleh) – Root: זה (ʾelleh); Form: Preposition + demonstrative plural; Translation: “with these”; Notes: Refers to the iron horns Tsidqiyahu made.
- תְּנַגַּח (tenaggaḥ) – Root: נגח (nagaḥ); Form: Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall gore”; Notes: Violent metaphor of conquest or attack.
- אֶת־אֲרָם (et-Aram) – Root: ארם (Aram); Form: Accusative particle + proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Aram”; Notes: The military target of the campaign.
- עַד־כַּלֹּתָם (ʿad-kallotam) – Root: כלה (kalah); Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “until they are consumed”; Notes: Denotes complete destruction of Aram.