אַיֹּ֤ו מֶֽלֶךְ־חֲמָת֙ וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אַרְפָּ֔ד וּמֶ֖לֶךְ לָעִ֣יר סְפַרְוָ֑יִם הֵנַ֖ע וְעִוָּֽה׃
Where is the king of Ḥamat, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sefarwayim, Hena and ʿIvva?’”
Morphology
- אַיֹּ֤ו (ayyoh) – Root: אי (ʾay); Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “Where is?”; Notes: Used rhetorically to highlight the absence or defeat of rulers.
- מֶֽלֶךְ־חֲמָת֙ (melekh-Ḥamat) – Root: מלך (melekh), חמת (Ḥamat); Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “king of Ḥamat”; Notes: Refers to a Syrian city-state defeated by Ashshur.
- וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אַרְפָּ֔ד (u-melekh-Arpad) – Root: מלך (melekh), ארפד (Arpad); Form: Conjunction + construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “and the king of Arpad”; Notes: Arpad was another city-state conquered by the Assyrians.
- וּמֶ֖לֶךְ לָעִ֣יר סְפַרְוָ֑יִם (u-melekh laʿir Sefarwayim) – Root: מלך (melekh), עיר (ʿir), ספרוים (Sefarwayim); Form: Conjunction + construct noun + preposition + definite noun + proper noun; Translation: “and the king of the city of Sefarwayim”; Notes: Sefarwayim is a dual-formed city name, possibly signifying a two-part city.
- הֵנַ֖ע (Hena) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Independent name; Translation: “Hena”; Notes: Likely a district or city associated with the region under threat.
- וְעִוָּֽה (ve-ʿivvah) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and ʿIvvah”; Notes: Another city or people group conquered or referenced in Assyrian conquests.