וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיִּתְּנֵם֙ בְּיַד־שֹׁסִ֔ים וַיָּשֹׁ֖סּוּ אֹותָ֑ם וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵ֞ם בְּיַ֤ד אֹֽויְבֵיהֶם֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב וְלֹֽא־יָכְל֣וּ עֹ֔וד לַעֲמֹ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י אֹויְבֵיהֶֽם׃
And the anger of YHWH burned against Yisraʾel, and He gave them into the hand of plunderers, and they plundered them. And He sold them into the hand of their enemies all around, and they could no longer stand before their enemies.
Morphology
- וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף (vayyiḥar-ʾaf) – Root: חרה (ḥarah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And the anger burned”; Notes: Describes YHWH’s wrath.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The subject of the burning anger.
- בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (be-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “against Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Yisraʾel.
- וַֽיִּתְּנֵם֙ (vayyiṭṭenem) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “And He gave them”; Notes: Refers to YHWH delivering them into the hands of enemies.
- בְּיַד־שֹׁסִ֔ים (beyad-shosim) – Root: שסס (shasas); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with preposition; Translation: “into the hand of plunderers”; Notes: Refers to those who pillaged Yisraʾel.
- וַיָּשֹׁ֖סּוּ (vayyashosu) – Root: שסס (shasas); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they plundered”; Notes: Describes the actions of the plunderers.
- אֹותָ֑ם (otam) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yisraʾel.
- וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵ֞ם (vayyimkerem) – Root: מכר (makar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and He sold them”; Notes: Indicates YHWH delivering them into foreign hands.
- בְּיַ֤ד אֹֽויְבֵיהֶם֙ (beyad-ʾoyveihem) – Root: אויב (ʾoyev); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with preposition and 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “into the hand of their enemies”; Notes: Indicates submission to their foes.
- מִסָּבִ֔יב (missaviv) – Root: סבב (savav); Form: Adverb; Translation: “all around”; Notes: Describes the surrounding enemies.
- וְלֹֽא־יָכְל֣וּ (velo-yakhelu) – Root: יכול (yakhol); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they could not”; Notes: Expresses their helplessness.
- עֹ֔וד (ʿod) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “anymore”; Notes: Emphasizes the finality of their defeat.
- לַעֲמֹ֖ד (laʿamod) – Root: עמד (ʿamad); Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to stand”; Notes: Indicates their incapacity to resist.
- לִפְנֵ֥י (lifnei) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Preposition with noun; Translation: “before”; Notes: Denotes presence.
- אֹויְבֵיהֶֽם׃ (ʾoyveihem) – Root: אויב (ʾoyev); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their enemies”; Notes: The ones who oppressed them.