וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יִנָּבֵ֣א אִישׁ֮ עֹוד֒ וְאָמְר֣וּ אֵ֠לָיו אָבִ֨יו וְאִמֹּ֤ו יֹֽלְדָיו֙ לֹ֣א תִֽחְיֶ֔ה כִּ֛י שֶׁ֥קֶר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה וּדְקָרֻ֜הוּ אָבִ֧יהוּ וְאִמֹּ֛ו יֹלְדָ֖יו בְּהִנָּבְאֹֽו׃
And it shall be, when a man prophesies again, that his father and his mother who bore him shall say to him, ‘You shall not live, for a lie you have spoken in the name of YHWH,’ and his father and his mother who bore him shall pierce him through in his prophesying.
Morphology
- וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular (prophetic perfect with future sense); Translation: “and it shall be”; Notes: Introduces a future conditional scenario with certainty.
- כִּי־יִנָּבֵא (ki-yinnaveʾ) – Root: נבא (navaʾ); Form: Conjunction כִּי + Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “when he prophesies”; Notes: Sets a conditional clause describing renewed prophetic activity.
- אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אנשׁ (ʾenosh); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Refers generically to any individual claiming prophetic speech.
- עֹוד (ʿod) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “again”; Notes: Indicates repetition, implying persistence in false prophecy.
- וְאָמְרוּ (ve-ʾamru) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they shall say”; Notes: Introduces the speech of the parents as decisive witnesses.
- אֵלָיו (ʾelav) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition אֶל + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Marks direct address toward the offending speaker.
- אָבִיו (ʾaviv) – Root: אב (ʾav); Form: Noun masculine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his father”; Notes: Establishes closest kinship and legal responsibility.
- וְאִמֹּו (ve-ʾimmo) – Root: אם (ʾem); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and his mother”; Notes: Complements paternal authority with maternal testimony.
- יֹלְדָיו (yoldev) – Root: ילד (yalad); Form: Qal active participle masculine plural with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “who bore him”; Notes: Emphasizes biological origin and gravity of parental judgment.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Introduces absolute negation.
- תִחְיֶה (tiḥyeh) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall live”; Notes: Used here with negation to pronounce a death sentence.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Provides the reason for the judgment.
- שֶׁקֶר (sheqer) – Root: שׁקר (sheqar); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a lie”; Notes: Denotes deliberate falsehood rather than error.
- דִּבַּרְתָּ (dibarta) – Root: דבר (dabar); Form: Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you have spoken”; Notes: Intensive verbal form stressing culpable speech.
- בְּשֵׁם (be-shem) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “in the name of”; Notes: Indicates authoritative invocation.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name whose misuse constitutes the offense.
- וּדְקָרֻהוּ (u-deqaruhu) – Root: דקר (daqar); Form: Conjunction וּ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and they shall pierce him”; Notes: Describes the execution of judgment by close kin.
- אָבִיהוּ (ʾavihu) – Root: אב (ʾav); Form: Noun masculine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his father”; Notes: Reiterates paternal role in enforcement.
- וְאִמֹּו (ve-ʾimmo) – Root: אם (ʾem); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and his mother”; Notes: Confirms joint parental participation.
- יֹלְדָיו (yoldev) – Root: ילד (yalad); Form: Qal active participle masculine plural with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “who bore him”; Notes: Repetition heightens the severity of the act.
- בְּהִנָּבְאֹו (be-hinnaveʾo) – Root: נבא (navaʾ); Form: Preposition בְּ + Nifal infinitive construct with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “in his prophesying”; Notes: Locates the judgment precisely in the act of false prophecy.