וְאַתָּ֣ה תִּשְׁמַ֣ע הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וְעָשִׂ֨יתָ֙ וְשָׁפַטְתָּ֣ אֶת־עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ לְהַרְשִׁ֣יעַ רָשָׁ֔ע לָתֵ֥ת דַּרְכֹּ֖ו בְּרֹאשֹׁ֑ו וּלְהַצְדִּ֣יק צַדִּ֔יק לָ֥תֶת לֹ֖ו כְּצִדְקָתֹֽו׃ ס
then You shall hear in the heavens and act, and judge Your servants: to condemn the wicked, to bring his way upon his own head, and to justify the righteous, to give to him according to his righteousness.
Morphology
- וְאַתָּ֣ה (ve-atta) – Root: אתה; Form: Conjunction + independent pronoun; Translation: “And You”; Notes: Emphatic subject, YHWH.
- תִּשְׁמַ֣ע (tishmaʿ) – Root: שׁמע; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall hear”; Notes: Petition for divine attention.
- הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם (ha-shamayim) – Root: שׁמים; Form: Definite masculine plural noun; Translation: “in the heavens”; Notes: Locative — God’s dwelling place.
- וְעָשִׂ֨יתָ (ve-ʿasita) – Root: עשה; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and You shall act”; Notes: Refers to divine intervention or judgment.
- וְשָׁפַטְתָּ (ve-shafaṭta) – Root: שׁפט; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and You shall judge”; Notes: Legal judgment between two parties.
- אֶת־עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ (et-ʿavadekha) – Root: עבד; Form: Direct object marker + masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Your servants”; Notes: Those bringing the case before YHWH.
- לְהַרְשִׁ֣יעַ (le-harshiʿa) – Root: רשע; Form: Preposition + Hifil infinitive construct; Translation: “to declare guilty”; Notes: Causative — declare someone as wicked.
- רָשָׁ֔ע (rashaʿ) – Root: רשע; Form: Masculine singular noun/adjective; Translation: “the wicked”; Notes: The guilty party.
- לָתֵ֥ת (la-tet) – Root: נתן; Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to give”; Notes: Expresses result or consequence of judgment.
- דַּרְכֹּ֖ו (darko) – Root: דרך; Form: Masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his way”; Notes: Refers to his actions or behavior.
- בְּרֹאשֹׁ֑ו (be-rosho) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon his head”; Notes: Idiom: to repay or return consequences.
- וּלְהַצְדִּ֣יק (u-lehatsdiq) – Root: צדק; Form: Conjunction + Hifil infinitive construct; Translation: “and to justify”; Notes: Causative — declare someone righteous.
- צַדִּ֔יק (tsaddiq) – Root: צדק; Form: Masculine singular noun/adjective; Translation: “the righteous”; Notes: Innocent or upright party in dispute.
- לָ֥תֶת (la-tet) – Root: נתן; Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to give”; Notes: Parallel to earlier “to give” for the wicked — this is reward for the righteous.
- לֹ֖ו (lo) – Root: לו; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Refers to the righteous man.
- כְּצִדְקָתֹֽו (ke-tsidkato) – Root: צדק; Form: Preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “according to his righteousness”; Notes: Just recompense based on moral conduct.