ויאמר אלהים ישרצו המים שרץ נפש חיה ועוף יעופף על הארץ על פני רקיע השמים׃
Gen 1:20 [Samaritan]
ויאמר אלהים ישרצו המים שרץ נפש חיה ועוף יעפף על הארץ על פני רקיע השמים׃
And Elohim said, “Let the waters bring forth living creatures, and birds that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.”
Gen 1:20 [Masoretic]
וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יִשְׁרְצוּ הַמַּיִם שֶׁרֶץ נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה וְעֹוף יְעֹופֵף עַל־הָאָרֶץ עַל־פְּנֵי רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃
And Elohim said, “Let the waters bring forth living creatures, and birds that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.”
Gen 1:20 [Targum Onkelos]
וַאֲמַר יְיָ יִרְחֲשׁוּן מַיָּא רְחֵישׁ נַפְשָׁא חַיְתָא וְעוֹפָא יְפָרַח עַל אַרְעָא עַל אַפֵּי רְקִיעַ שְׁמַיָּא:
And YeYa said, “Let the waters bring forth living creatures, and the birds that may fly above the earth on the face of the firmament of heaven. ”
Gen 1:20 [Samaritan Targum]
ואמר אלה יתלקפון מיה לקוף נפש חיה וקמץ ינפנף על ארעה על אפי פלוק חללה:
And Elah said, “Let the waters bring forth living creatures, and the birds that may fly above the earth on the face of the firmament of space. ”
Gen 1:20 [Peshitta]
ܘܐܡܼܪ ܐܠܗܐ܂ ܢܪܚܫܘܢ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܪܚܫܐ ܢܦܫܐ ܚܝܬܐ ܘܦܪܚܬܐ ܬܦܪܚ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ ܥܠ ܐ̈ܦܝ ܐܪܩܝܥܐ ܕܫܡܝܐ܂
And Alaha said, “Let the waters bring forth living creatures, and birds that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.”
Gen 1:20 [Septuagint]
Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεός· Ἐξαγαγέτω τὰ ὕδατα ἑρπετὰ ψυχῶν ζωσῶν καὶ πετεινὰ πετόμενα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κατὰ τὸ στερέωμα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. καὶ ἐγένετο οὕτως.
And God said, “Let the waters bring forth living creatures, and birds that may fly above the earth in the firmament of heaven.” And it was so.
Gen 1:20 [Aquila of Sinope]
εξερψατω τα υδατα ερπετον ψυχης ζωσης, και πετεινον ιπταμενον επι της γης, επι προσωπον του στερεωματος του ουρανου.
Gen 1:20 [Symmachus]
(και) ειπεν ο Θεος· εξερψατω τα υδατα ερπετον, ψυχην ζωσαν, και πετεινον πετομενον επι της γης, κατα προσωπον στερεωματος ουρανου.
Gen 1:20 [Theodotion]
και ειπεν ο Θεος· εξερψατωσαν τα υδατα ερπετα, ψηχας ζωσας, και πετεινον πετομενον επι της γης, κατα προσωπον στερεωματος ουρανου.
Gen 1:20 [Old Latin]
Et dixit Deus : Educant aquae reptilia animarum vivarum, et volatilia super terram, secundum firmamentum coeli. Et factum est sic.
And God also said, “Let the waters bring forth soulful living creatures, and the birds (that may fly) over the earth according to the firmament of heaven.” And so it was done.
Gen 1:20 [Vulgate]
Dixit etiam Deus : Producant aquae reptile animae viventis, et volatile super terram sub firmamento caeli.
And God also said, “Let the waters produce living creatures, and birds (that may fly) over the earth under the firmament of heaven.”
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יִשְׁרְצ֣וּ הַמַּ֔יִם שֶׁ֖רֶץ נֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֑ה וְעֹוף֙ יְעֹופֵ֣ף עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ עַל־פְּנֵ֖י רְקִ֥יעַ הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃
And God said, “Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the face of the expanse of the heavens.”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayomer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms, with vav consecutive; Translation: “And said”; Notes: Introduces God’s creative command.
- אֱלֹהִ֔ים (ʾElohim) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, masculine plural with singular meaning; Translation: “God”; Notes: Refers to the divine Creator.
- יִשְׁרְצ֣וּ (yishretsu) – Root: שרץ (sh-r-ts); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “Let swarm”; Notes: Command for the waters to teem with life.
- הַמַּ֔יִם (hamayim) – Root: מים (m-y-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural, with definite article; Translation: “the waters”; Notes: Refers to the waters below the heavens.
- שֶׁ֖רֶץ (sherets) – Root: שרץ (sh-r-ts); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “swarm”; Notes: Denotes a multitude of small, living creatures.
- נֶ֣פֶשׁ (nefesh) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “soul” or “creature”; Notes: Represents living beings.
- חַיָּ֑ה (ḥayyah) – Root: חיה (ḥ-y-h); Form: Adjective, feminine singular; Translation: “living”; Notes: Describes the animated nature of the creatures.
- וְעֹוף֙ (veʿof) – Root: עוף (ʿ-w-p); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and bird”; Notes: Refers to flying creatures.
- יְעֹופֵ֣ף (yeʿofef) – Root: עוף (ʿ-w-p); Form: Verb, Polel, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “let fly”; Notes: Suggests sustained flight.
- עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ (ʿal-haʾaretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular, with definite article; Translation: “above the earth”; Notes: Indicates the domain of flight.
- עַל־פְּנֵ֖י (ʿal-penei) – Root: פנה (p-n-h); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “across the face of”; Notes: Refers to the visible expanse.
- רְקִ֥יעַ (raqia) – Root: רקע (r-q-ʿ); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “expanse”; Notes: The sky or firmament.
- הַשָּׁמָֽיִם (hashamayim) – Root: שמים (sh-m-y-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural, with definite article; Translation: “of the heavens”; Notes: The location of the expanse.