לְהַטֹּ֤ות מִדִּין֙ דַּלִּ֔ים וְלִגְזֹ֕ל מִשְׁפַּ֖ט עֲנִיֵּ֣י עַמִּ֑י לִהְיֹ֤ות אַלְמָנֹות֙ שְׁלָלָ֔ם וְאֶת־יְתֹומִ֖ים יָבֹֽזּוּ׃
To turn aside the judgment of the poor, and to rob the justice of the afflicted of my people, to make widows their spoil and they plunder orphans.
Morphology
- לְהַטֹּ֤ות (le-hattoṭ) – Root: נטה (natah); Form: Infinitive construct with לְ + Hifil; Translation: “to turn aside”; Notes: Hifil indicates causation—deliberately causing a deviation in judgment.
- מִדִּין (mi-din) – Root: דין (din); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from judgment”; Notes: Refers to legal justice or rightful decision.
- דַּלִּים (dallim) – Root: דלל (dalal); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “the poor”; Notes: Refers to economically or socially weak individuals.
- וְלִגְזֹל (ve-ligzol) – Root: גזל (gazal); Form: Conjunction + infinitive construct with לְ (Qal); Translation: “and to rob”; Notes: Describes unlawful seizure or violent injustice.
- מִשְׁפַּט (mishpat) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “justice”; Notes: Often used in legal and ethical contexts for what is right or deserved.
- עֲנִיֵּי (ʿaniyey) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Construct masculine plural; Translation: “of the afflicted”; Notes: Refers to those oppressed or in hardship.
- עַמִּי (ʿammi) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my people”; Notes: Personal possessive used by the prophet in voice of YHWH.
- לִהְיֹות (lih-yot) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Infinitive construct with לְ (Qal); Translation: “to be”; Notes: Marks intended or resulting state.
- אַלְמָנֹות (almanot) – Root: אלמן (ʾalman); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “widows”; Notes: Widows as symbols of societal vulnerability.
- שְׁלָלָם (shelalam) – Root: שלל (shalal); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their spoil”; Notes: Object of unjust gain.
- וְאֶת (ve-et) – Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: “and [the]”; Notes: Introduces the object of the verb “they plunder.”
- יְתֹומִים (yetomim) – Root: יתם (yatam); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “orphans”; Notes: Represents the defenseless in society.
- יָבֹזּוּ (yavozzu) – Root: בזז (bazaz); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they plunder”; Notes: Denotes pillaging or predatory taking, often violent.