הֹ֥וי הַחֹֽקְקִ֖ים חִקְקֵי־אָ֑וֶן וּֽמְכַתְּבִ֥ים עָמָ֖ל כִּתֵּֽבוּ׃
Woe to those who decree decrees of iniquity, and to the writers who write toil.
Morphology
- הֹ֥וי (hoy) – Root: הוי; Form: Interjection; Translation: “Woe”; Notes: A prophetic cry of lament or judgment, common in denunciatory contexts.
- הַחֹֽקְקִ֖ים (ha-ḥoqeqim) – Root: חקק (ḥaqaq); Form: Definite article + Qal active participle masculine plural; Translation: “those who decree”; Notes: Describes individuals engaged in legal enactment or ruling.
- חִקְקֵי (ḥiqqe) – Root: חקק (ḥaqaq); Form: Construct plural masculine noun; Translation: “decrees of”; Notes: Construct form links to the following noun to form a genitive relationship.
- אָ֑וֶן (ʾawen) – Root: און (ʾawen); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “iniquity”; Notes: Often denotes moral evil, injustice, or falsehood.
- וּֽמְכַתְּבִ֥ים (u-mekhattevim) – Root: כתב (katav); Form: Conjunction + Piel active participle masculine plural; Translation: “and the writers”; Notes: Piel stem intensifies the act of writing, possibly formal or official documentation.
- עָמָ֖ל (ʿamal) – Root: עמל (ʿamal); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “toil”; Notes: Refers to burdensome labor or oppression, often in poetic denunciation.
- כִּתֵּֽבוּ (kittevu) – Root: כתב (katav); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have written”; Notes: Denotes completed action with intensive connotation from the Piel stem.