וְהָיָ֗ה כָּל־הַנֹּותָר֙ מִכָּל־הַגֹּויִ֔ם הַבָּאִ֖ים עַל־יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְעָל֞וּ מִדֵּ֧י שָׁנָ֣ה בְשָׁנָ֗ה לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֹת֙ לְמֶ֨לֶךְ֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֔ות וְלָחֹ֖ג אֶת־חַ֥ג הַסֻּכֹּֽות׃
And it shall be that all who remain from all the nations who come against Yerushalayim shall go up, from year to year, to bow down to the King, YHWH of Hosts, and to celebrate the Feast of Sukkot.
Morphology
- וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular (prophetic perfect with future sense); Translation: “and it shall be”; Notes: Introduces a future condition stated with certainty.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Marks totality.
- הַנֹּותָר (ha-notar) – Root: יתר (yatar); Form: Definite Niphal participle masculine singular used substantively; Translation: “the one remaining”; Notes: Refers to survivors.
- מִכָּל־ (mi-kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “from all”; Notes: Indicates source or origin.
- הַגֹּויִם (ha-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the nations”; Notes: Refers to the foreign peoples.
- הַבָּאִים (ha-baʾim) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Definite Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “who come”; Notes: Describes prior hostile action.
- עַל־ (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל; Translation: “against”; Notes: Indicates opposition.
- יְרוּשָׁלִַם (Yerushalayim) – Root: ירשלם (Yerushalayim); Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: The city formerly attacked.
- וְעָלוּ (ve-ʿalu) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they shall go up”; Notes: Pilgrimage language with cultic nuance.
- מִדֵּי (mi-dei) – Root: די (dei); Form: Preposition מִן + adverb; Translation: “from”; Notes: Used idiomatically in temporal repetition.
- שָׁנָה (shanah) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “year”; Notes: Unit of time.
- בְשָׁנָה (be-shanah) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “by year”; Notes: Together with the previous word forms “year by year.”
- לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת (le-hishtacha vot) – Root: חוה (ḥavah); Form: Preposition לְ + Hishtaphel infinitive construct; Translation: “to bow down”; Notes: Cultic act of worship.
- לְמֶלֶךְ (le-melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “to the King”; Notes: Title introducing the divine sovereign.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Denotes YHWH’s universal sovereignty.
- וְלָחֹג (ve-la-ḥog) – Root: חגג (ḥagag); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “and to celebrate”; Notes: Introduces the festal obligation.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker אֶת; Translation: [untranslated]; Notes: Marks the definite object.
- חַג (ḥag) – Root: חג (ḥag); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “the feast”; Notes: Refers to a pilgrimage festival.
- הַסֻּכֹּות (ha-sukkot) – Root: סכך (sakhakh); Form: Definite noun feminine plural; Translation: “of Sukkot”; Notes: The Feast of Booths.