וְ֠הָיָה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יַעֲלֶ֜ה מֵאֵ֨ת מִשְׁפְּחֹ֤ות הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֶל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֹ֔ת לְמֶ֖לֶךְ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֑ות וְלֹ֥א עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם יִהְיֶ֥ה הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃
And it shall be that whoever does not go up, from the families of the earth, to Yerushalayim to bow down to the King, YHWH of Hosts, upon them there shall not be the rain.
Morphology
- וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular (prophetic perfect with future sense); Translation: “and it shall be”; Notes: Introduces a future condition stated with certainty.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Functions substantively, introducing a conditional subject.
- לֹא־ (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verbal action.
- יַעֲלֶה (yaʿaleh) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he goes up”; Notes: Pilgrimage verb with cultic connotations.
- מֵאֵת (me-ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Preposition מִן + preposition אֵת; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates source or origin.
- מִשְׁפְּחֹות (mishpeḥot) – Root: שׁפח (shafaḥ); Form: Noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “the families of”; Notes: Collective social units among the nations.
- הָאָ֨רֶץ (ha-ʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾarets); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Refers broadly to the inhabited world.
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition אֶל; Translation: “to”; Notes: Marks direction toward a destination.
- יְרוּשָׁלִַם (Yerushalayim) – Root: ירשלם (Yerushalayim); Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: The appointed place of worship.
- לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת (le-hishtacha vot) – Root: חוה (ḥavah); Form: Preposition לְ + Hishtaphel infinitive construct; Translation: “to bow down”; Notes: Act of submission and worship.
- לְמֶלֶךְ (le-melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “to the King”; Notes: Introduces the divine sovereign.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Emphasizes universal and martial sovereignty.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Introduces the consequence of refusal.
- עֲלֵיהֶם (ʿaleihem) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “upon them”; Notes: Indicates those affected by the judgment.
- יִהְיֶה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “there shall be”; Notes: Future existence negated by context.
- הַגָּשֶׁם (ha-gashem) – Root: גשׁם (gashem); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the rain”; Notes: Symbol of blessing withheld as covenantal sanction.