וְאִם־מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת מִצְרַ֧יִם לֹֽא־תַעֲלֶ֛ה וְלֹ֥א בָאָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה הַמַּגֵּפָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִגֹּ֤ף יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַגֹּויִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יַֽעֲל֔וּ לָחֹ֖ג אֶת־חַ֥ג הַסֻּכֹּֽות׃
And if the family of Mitsrayim does not go up and does not come, upon them there shall be the plague with which YHWH will strike the nations who do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Sukkot.
Morphology
- וְאִם־ (ve-ʾim) – Root: אם (ʾim); Form: Conjunction וְ + conditional particle; Translation: “and if”; Notes: Introduces a conditional exception.
- מִשְׁפַּחַת (mishpaḥat) – Root: שׁפח (shafaḥ); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “the family of”; Notes: Collective kinship unit.
- מִצְרַיִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצר (Mitsrayim); Form: Proper noun masculine dual form used as singular; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt as a representative nation.
- לֹא־ (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- תַעֲלֶה (taʿaleh) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “does not go up”; Notes: Feminine agreement with “family.”
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and does not”; Notes: Continues the negation.
- בָאָה (baʾah) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “come”; Notes: Complements “go up,” emphasizing absence.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Introduces the consequence.
- עֲלֵיהֶם (ʿaleihem) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “upon them”; Notes: Marks those affected.
- תִּהְיֶה (tihyeh) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “there shall be”; Notes: Agrees with “plague.”
- הַמַּגֵּפָה (ha-magefah) – Root: נגף (nagaf); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the plague”; Notes: The specific judgment previously described.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a defining clause.
- יִגֹּף (yiggof) – Root: נגף (nagaf); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he will strike”; Notes: Violent divine action.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the striking.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker אֶת; Translation: [untranslated]; Notes: Marks the definite object.
- הַגֹּויִם (ha-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the nations”; Notes: Refers broadly to the non-compliant peoples.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a further qualification.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “do not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- יַעֲלוּ (yaʿalu) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “go up”; Notes: Cultic pilgrimage verb.
- לָחֹג (la-ḥog) – Root: חגג (ḥagag); Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to celebrate”; Notes: Introduces the purpose of ascent.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker אֶת; Translation: [untranslated]; Notes: Marks the definite object.
- חַג (ḥag) – Root: חג (ḥag); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “the feast”; Notes: Pilgrimage festival.
- הַסֻּכֹּות (ha-sukkot) – Root: סכך (sakhakh); Form: Definite noun feminine plural; Translation: “of Sukkot”; Notes: The Feast of Booths.