Jeremiah 51:51

בֹּ֚שְׁנוּ כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֣עְנוּ חֶרְפָּ֔ה כִּסְּתָ֥ה כְלִמָּ֖ה פָּנֵ֑ינוּ כִּ֚י בָּ֣אוּ זָרִ֔ים עַֽל־מִקְדְּשֵׁ֖י בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ ס

We are ashamed, for we have heard reproach; disgrace has covered our faces, for strangers have come upon the sanctuaries of the house of YHWH.

Morphology

1. בֹּשְׁנוּ (boshnu) – Root: בושׁ (bosh); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common plural; Translation: “we are ashamed”; Notes: Collective expression of shame.
2. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for / because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the shame.
3. שָׁמַעְנוּ (shamaʿnu) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common plural; Translation: “we have heard”; Notes: Refers to hearing reports of insult.
4. חֶרְפָּה (ḥerpa) – Root: חרף (ḥeref); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “reproach”; Notes: Refers to insult or disgrace from enemies.
5. כִּסְּתָה (kissetah) – Root: כסס (kasa); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “has covered”; Notes: Refers to disgrace enveloping them.
6. כְלִמָּה (kelimmah) – Root: כלם (kalam); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “disgrace / shame”; Notes: Parallels “reproach” with intensification.
7. פָּנֵינוּ (panenu) – Root: פנה (panim); Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “our faces”; Notes: Symbol of identity and honor.
8. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for / because”; Notes: Introduces further reason for disgrace.
9. בָּאוּ (baʾu) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “have come”; Notes: Refers to the invasion of foreigners.
10. זָרִים (zarim) – Root: זר (zar); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “strangers / foreigners”; Notes: Outsiders hostile to Israel.
11. עַל (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon / against”; Notes: Indicates invasion or desecration.
12. מִקְדְּשֵׁי (mikdeshei) – Root: קדשׁ (qadash); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “sanctuaries of”; Notes: Refers to holy places of YHWH.
13. בֵּית (beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “house of”; Notes: Refers to the temple of YHWH.
14. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine Name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of God, whose house has been defiled.