Ezekiel 46:12

וְכִֽי־יַעֲשֶׂה֩ הַנָּשִׂ֨יא נְדָבָ֜ה עֹולָ֣ה אֹֽו־שְׁלָמִים֮ נְדָבָ֣ה לַֽיהוָה֒ וּפָ֣תַֽח לֹ֗ו אֶת־הַשַּׁ֨עַר֙ הַפֹּנֶ֣ה קָדִ֔ים וְעָשָׂ֤ה אֶת־עֹֽלָתֹו֙ וְאֶת־שְׁלָמָ֔יו כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה בְּיֹ֣ום הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וְיָצָ֛א וְסָגַ֥ר אֶת־הַשַּׁ֖עַר אַחֲרֵ֥י צֵאתֹֽו׃

And when the prince makes a freewill offering, a burnt offering or peace offerings as a freewill offering to YHWH, the gate that faces east shall be opened for him, and he shall perform his burnt offering and his peace offerings as he does on the day of the Sabbath; then he shall go out, and the gate shall be shut after his going out.

Morphology

1. וְכִי־יַעֲשֶׂה (ve-khi yaʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Conjunction וְ + conditional particle כִּי + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and when he makes”; Notes: Introduces a conditional scenario concerning the prince’s voluntary offerings.
2. הַנָּשִׂיא (ha-nasi) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the prince”; Notes: Refers to the leader of Yisraʾel, who performs offerings as part of his personal devotion.
3. נְדָבָה (nedavah) – Root: נדב (nadav); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a freewill offering”; Notes: Denotes a voluntary act of worship, not prescribed by law, symbolizing generosity toward YHWH.
4. עֹולָה (ʿolah) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a burnt offering”; Notes: A whole offering completely consumed by fire, representing total dedication to YHWH.
5. אֹו־שְׁלָמִים (ʾo-shelamim) – Root: שלם (shalam); Form: Conjunction אֹו + noun masculine plural; Translation: “or peace offerings”; Notes: Offerings denoting fellowship and thanksgiving.
6. נְדָבָה (nedavah) – Root: נדב (nadav); Form: Noun feminine singular (repetition); Translation: “a freewill offering”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis—both the burnt and peace offerings are voluntary.
7. לַיהוָה (la-YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Preposition לְ + divine name; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: Marks the offerings as directed exclusively to YHWH.
8. וּפָתַח (u-fatakh) – Root: פתח (pataḥ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it shall be opened”; Notes: Describes the opening of the eastern gate specifically for the prince’s offering.
9. לֹו (lo) – Root: —; Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “for him”; Notes: Indicates that the privilege of the open gate is granted personally to the prince.
10. אֶת־הַשַּׁעַר (et-ha-shaʿar) – Root: שׁער (shaʿar); Form: Direct object marker אֶת + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the gate”; Notes: Refers to the eastern temple gate mentioned earlier in the chapter.
11. הַפֹּנֶה (ha-poneh) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Definite participle Qal masculine singular; Translation: “that faces”; Notes: Describes the orientation of the gate toward the east.
12. קָדִים (qadim) – Root: קדמ (qadam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “east”; Notes: Symbolic of divine presence and renewal, as the sunrise direction.
13. וְעָשָׂה (ve-ʿasah) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he shall perform”; Notes: Indicates the prince’s personal participation in the sacrifice.
14. אֶת־עֹלָתֹו (et-ʿolató) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Direct object marker אֶת + noun feminine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his burnt offering”; Notes: Personalizes the sacrifice as belonging to the prince.
15. וְאֶת־שְׁלָמָיו (ve-et-shelamayv) – Root: שלם (shalam); Form: Conjunction וְ + direct object marker אֶת + noun masculine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and his peace offerings”; Notes: Plural emphasizes completeness and fellowship in offering.
16. כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka-asher) – Root: —; Form: Preposition כְּ + relative particle; Translation: “as” or “according to”; Notes: Introduces the comparison clause with Sabbath rituals.
17. יַעֲשֶׂה (yaʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he does”; Notes: Refers to the prince’s standard procedure for offerings.
18. בְּיֹום הַשַּׁבָּת (be-yom ha-shabbat) – Root: שׁבת (shavat); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular construct + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “on the day of the Sabbath”; Notes: Connects this ritual to regular Sabbath offerings as described earlier.
19. וְיָצָא (ve-yatsa) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he shall go out”; Notes: Marks the completion of the ritual.
20. וְסָגַר (ve-sagar) – Root: סגר (sagar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he shall shut”; Notes: Indicates the closing of the eastern gate after the offering, maintaining sanctity.
21. אֶת־הַשַּׁעַר (et-ha-shaʿar) – Root: שׁער (shaʿar); Form: Direct object marker אֶת + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the gate”; Notes: The same gate used for the entry, now to be closed afterward.
22. אַחֲרֵי (aḥarei) – Root: אחר (aḥar); Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Denotes sequence in the ritual order—closing follows departure.
23. צֵאתֹו (tsetó) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Infinitive construct + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his going out”; Notes: Concludes the ritual act—after the prince exits, the gate is shut, preserving reverence for sacred access.