Amos 4:4

בֹּ֤אוּ בֵֽית־אֵל֙ וּפִשְׁע֔וּ הַגִּלְגָּ֖ל הַרְבּ֣וּ לִפְשֹׁ֑עַ וְהָבִ֤יאוּ לַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ זִבְחֵיכֶ֔ם לִשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִ֖ים מַעְשְׂרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃

Come to Beit-el and transgress, to the Gilgal multiply transgression, and bring your sacrifices every morning, your tithes every three days.

Morphology

1. בֹּ֤אוּ (boʾu) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “Come”; Notes: A sarcastic prophetic command—inviting the people to continue their idolatrous worship at Bethel.
2. בֵֽית־אֵל֙ (Beit-El) – Root: בית (bayit) + אל (ʾel); Form: Construct noun masculine singular + proper noun; Translation: “to Bethel”; Notes: Literally “house of God,” but here an idolatrous worship center of the northern kingdom.
3. וּפִשְׁע֔וּ (u-fishʿu) – Root: פשע (pashaʿ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and transgress”; Notes: Ironically commands sin—Amos mocks their ritualistic religion devoid of obedience.
4. הַגִּלְגָּ֖ל (ha-Gilgal) – Root: גלגל (Gilgal); Form: Definite article הַ + proper noun; Translation: “to the Gilgal”; Notes: A sacred site turned corrupt; a center of false worship and empty ritualism.
5. הַרְבּ֣וּ (harbu) – Root: רבה (rabah); Form: Hiphil imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “multiply”; Notes: Causative form—intensifies the irony: “increase your sins,” exposing their hypocrisy.
6. לִפְשֹׁ֑עַ (lifshoʿa) – Root: פשע (pashaʿ); Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to transgress”; Notes: Emphasizes their willful persistence in rebellion against YHWH.
7. וְהָבִ֤יאוּ (ve-haviʾu) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hiphil imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and bring”; Notes: Refers to ritual offerings performed without sincerity, mocked by the prophet.
8. לַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ (la-boker) – Root: בקר (boker); Form: Preposition לְ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “every morning”; Notes: Highlights the zeal of their ritual repetition, devoid of moral transformation.
9. זִבְחֵיכֶ֔ם (zivḥeikhem) – Root: זבח (zavach); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “your sacrifices”; Notes: Denotes their ritual offerings—externally religious yet internally corrupt.
10. לִשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת (lishloshet) – Root: שׁלשׁ (shalosh); Form: Preposition לְ + numeral construct; Translation: “every three”; Notes: Refers to the repeated frequency of tithing, suggesting ritualistic excess.
11. יָמִ֖ים (yamim) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “days”; Notes: Combined with “three,” it expresses the habitual and exaggerated devotion of empty worship.
12. מַעְשְׂרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃ (maʿsroteikhem) – Root: עשר (ʿasar); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “your tithes”; Notes: Refers to their ritual offerings of produce or income, which, though frequent, lack genuine faith and obedience.