Amos 5:17

וּבְכָל־כְּרָמִ֖ים מִסְפֵּ֑ד כִּֽי־אֶעֱבֹ֥ר בְּקִרְבְּךָ֖ אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס

And in all the vineyards there shall be wailing, for I will pass through your midst,” says YHWH.

Morphology

1. וּבְכָל־ (u-ve-khol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and in all”; Notes: Introduces a universal scope of mourning throughout the land.
2. כְּרָמִים (keramim) – Root: כרם (kerem); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “vineyards”; Notes: Symbol of joy and abundance, now turned into places of lamentation.
3. מִסְפֵּד (misped) – Root: ספד (safad); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wailing” or “mourning”; Notes: Describes communal lamentation in contrast to former celebration.
4. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the widespread mourning.
5. אֶעֱבֹר (ʾeʿevor) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I will pass through”; Notes: Evokes divine visitation and judgment—echoing the language of the Exodus plague narrative.
6. בְּקִרְבְּךָ (be-qirbekha) – Root: קרב (qerev); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular construct + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “in your midst”; Notes: Denotes God’s direct presence among the people, here in judgment rather than blessing.
7. אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has said”; Notes: Formal declaration introducing divine authority.
8. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hvh); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of the God of Yisraʾel, emphasizing His active role in judgment.