כִּ֣י חֲמַ֤ס לְבָנֹון֙ יְכַסֶּ֔ךָּ וְשֹׁ֥ד בְּהֵמֹ֖ות יְחִיתַ֑ן מִדְּמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ וַחֲמַס־אֶ֔רֶץ קִרְיָ֖ה וְכָל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ ס
For the violence of Levanon shall cover you, and the destruction of the beasts shall terrify them, because of the blood of humankind and the violence of the land, the city, and all who dwell in her.
Morphology
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for judgment.
- חֲמַס (ḥamas) – Root: חמס (ḥamas); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “violence”; Notes: Refers to cruelty, oppression, or wrongdoing.
- לְבָנֹון (le-vanon) – Root: לבנ (lavan); Form: Preposition לְ + proper noun; Translation: “of Levanon”; Notes: Levanon symbolizes forests, beauty, and exploited resources.
- יְכַסֶּךָּ (yekassekha) – Root: כסס (kasas); Form: Piel imperfect 3ms + suffix 2ms; Translation: “shall cover you”; Notes: Conveys overwhelming retribution.
- וְשֹׁד (ve-shod) – Root: שׁדד (shadad); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and destruction”; Notes: Refers to violent devastation.
- בְּהֵמֹות (be-heymot) – Root: בהמ (behemah); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine plural; Translation: “of the beasts”; Notes: Points to ecological devastation caused by human violence.
- יְחִיתַן (yekhittan) – Root: חתת (ḥatat); Form: Hifil imperfect 3ms + suffix 3fp; Translation: “shall terrify them”; Notes: The destruction of animals becomes part of the judgment.
- מִדְּמֵי (mi-demei) – Root: דם (dam); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “because of the blood of”; Notes: Indicates bloodshed as a cause of judgment.
- אָדָם (adam) – Root: אדם (adam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “humankind”; Notes: Highlights human victims of violence.
- וַחֲמַס־אֶרֶץ (va-ḥamas-erets) – Root: חמס (ḥamas) / ארץ (erets); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular in construct + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the violence of the land”; Notes: Land itself is violated through injustice.
- קִרְיָה (qiryah) – Root: קרה (qarah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “the city”; Notes: Refers to urban centers filled with oppression.
- וְכָל (ve-khol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and all”; Notes: Introduces a totalizing phrase.
- יֹשְׁבֵי (yoshvei) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “who dwell”; Notes: Indicates inhabitants.
- בָּהּ (bah) – Root: ב (be); Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 3fs; Translation: “in her”; Notes: Personifies the city as feminine.