לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֥י נֹתֵ֛ן אֶל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה מִכְשֹׁלִ֑ים וְכָ֣שְׁלוּ בָ֠ם אָבֹ֨ות וּבָנִ֥ים יַחְדָּ֛ו שָׁכֵ֥ן וְרֵעֹ֖ו יֹאבֵֽדוּ׃ פ
Therefore, thus said YHWH: ‘Behold, I am setting before this people stumbling blocks, and they shall stumble over them; fathers and sons together, neighbor and his friend, they shall perish.’”
Morphology
- לָכֵ֗ן (lakhen) – Root: כן; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Therefore”; Notes: Introduces a consequence or judgment.
- כֹּ֚ה (koh) – Root: כה; Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Common in prophetic speech formulas.
- אָמַ֣ר (amar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Introduces divine speech.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: היה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Tetragrammaton, the divine name.
- הִנְנִ֥י (hinneni) – Root: הנה; Form: Interjection + 1st person singular pronoun; Translation: “Behold, I”; Notes: Expresses emphasis or dramatic announcement.
- נֹתֵ֛ן (noten) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “am giving / setting”; Notes: Ongoing or imminent action by YHWH.
- אֶל־הָעָ֥ם (el-haʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the people”; Notes: Target of divine action.
- הַזֶּ֖ה (hazzeh) – Root: זה; Form: Definite article + demonstrative masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Points to the people addressed.
- מִכְשֹׁלִ֑ים (mikhsholim) – Root: כשל; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “stumbling blocks”; Notes: Symbolizes spiritual or physical obstacles leading to downfall.
- וְכָ֣שְׁלוּ (ve-khashelu) – Root: כשל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “and they shall stumble”; Notes: Consequence of YHWH’s action.
- בָ֠ם (vam) – Root: ב־ + הם; Form: Preposition + 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “upon them”; Notes: Refers back to the stumbling blocks.
- אָבֹ֨ות (avot) – Root: אב; Form: Noun masculine plural (construct); Translation: “fathers”; Notes: Plural form of “father.”
- וּבָנִ֥ים (u-vanim) – Root: בן; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and sons”; Notes: Often paired with “fathers” to denote generational continuity.
- יַחְדָּ֛ו (yaḥdav) – Root: יחד; Form: Adverb; Translation: “together”; Notes: Stresses collective downfall.
- שָׁכֵ֥ן (shakhen) – Root: שכן; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “neighbor”; Notes: One who lives nearby; part of communal life.
- וְרֵעֹ֖ו (ve-reʿo) – Root: רעע; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his friend”; Notes: Social connection within the community.
- יֹאבֵֽדוּ (yoʾvedu) – Root: אבד; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they shall perish”; Notes: Final outcome of stumbling over divine judgment.