וַיִּבְרַ֣ח דָּוִ֔ד מִנָּוֺ֖ות בָּרָמָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֞א וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹונָתָ֗ן מֶ֤ה עָשִׂ֨יתִי֙ מֶֽה־עֲוֹנִ֤י וּמֶֽה־חַטָּאתִי֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ כִּ֥י מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־נַפְשִֽׁי׃
And Dawid fled from Navyot in Rama, and he came and said before Yehonatan, “What have I done? What is my iniquity, and what is my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?”
Morphology
- וַיִּבְרַ֣ח (vayyivraḥ) – Root: ברח (baraḥ); Form: Wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular, Qal; Translation: “And he fled”; Notes: Sequential action.
- דָּוִ֔ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- מנוות (mi-Naviyot) – Root: נָוֺית (Naviyot); Form: Proper noun, feminine plural with preposition; Translation: “from Naviyot”; Notes: Place of departure.
- בָּרָמָ֑ה (ba-Ramah) – Root: רמה (Ramah); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular, definite; Translation: “in ha-Ramah”; Notes: Specifies location.
- וַיָּבֹ֞א (vayyavo) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular, Qal; Translation: “And he came”; Notes: Sequential movement.
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayyoʾmer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular, Qal; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduction of speech.
- לִפְנֵ֣י (lifnei) – Root: לפני (lifnei); Form: Preposition; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates direction.
- יְהֹונָתָ֗ן (Yehonatan) – Root: יהונתן (Yehonatan); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yehonatan”; Notes: The son of Shaʾul.
- מֶ֤ה (meh) – Root: מה (mah); Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “What”; Notes: Introduces a question.
- עָשִׂ֨יתִי֙ (ʿasiti) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Perfect 1st person singular, Qal; Translation: “have I done”; Notes: First question.
- מֶֽה־עֲוֹנִ֤י (meh-ʿavoni) – Root: עון (ʿavon); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “What is my iniquity”; Notes: Second question.
- וּמֶֽה־חַטָּאתִי֙ (u-meh-ḥattaʾti) – Root: חטא (ḥataʾ); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “and what is my sin”; Notes: Third question.
- לִפְנֵ֣י (lifnei) – Root: לפני (lifnei); Form: Preposition; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates direction.
- אָבִ֔יךָ (avikha) – Root: אב (av); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your father”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul.
- כִּ֥י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a reason.
- מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ (mevaqqesh) – Root: בקש (baqash); Form: Participle, masculine singular, Piel; Translation: “seeks”; Notes: Describes ongoing action.
- אֶת־נַפְשִֽׁי׃ (et-nafshi) – Root: נפש (nefesh); Form: Noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my life”; Notes: Direct object of the verb.