וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהֹונָתָ֖ן חָלִ֣ילָה לָּ֑ךְ כִּ֣י אִם־יָדֹ֣עַ אֵדַ֗ע כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֨ה הָרָעָ֜ה מֵעִ֤ם אָבִי֙ לָבֹ֣וא עָלֶ֔יךָ וְלֹ֥א אֹתָ֖הּ אַגִּ֥יד לָֽךְ׃ ס
And Yehonatan said, “Far be it from you! For if I surely knew that the evil had been determined by my father to come upon you, would I not tell you?”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֥אמֶר (vayyoʾmer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular, Qal; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces speech.
- יְהֹונָתָ֖ן (Yehonatan) – Root: יהונתן (Yehonatan); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yehonatan”; Notes: Subject of the sentence.
- חָלִ֣ילָה (ḥalilah) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Interjection; Translation: “Far be it”; Notes: Expresses rejection of an idea.
- לָּ֑ךְ (lakh) – Root: לך (lakh); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from you”; Notes: Addresses Dawid.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces a conditional statement.
- אִם־יָדֹ֣עַ אֵדַ֗ע (im-yadoaʿ edaʿ) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Conditional particle + infinitive absolute + imperfect 1st person singular, Qal; Translation: “If I surely knew”; Notes: The infinitive absolute intensifies the certainty.
- כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֨ה (ki-khaltah) – Root: כלה (kalah); Form: Conjunction + perfect 3rd person feminine singular, Qal; Translation: “that it was determined”; Notes: Expresses certainty.
- הָרָעָ֜ה (ha-raʿah) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Noun, feminine singular, definite; Translation: “the evil”; Notes: Refers to impending harm.
- מֵעִ֤ם (me-ʿim) – Root: עם (ʿim); Form: Preposition; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates source.
- אָבִי֙ (avi) – Root: אב (av); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my father”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul.
- לָבֹ֣וא (lavo) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Infinitive construct, Qal; Translation: “to come”; Notes: Refers to the coming of evil upon Dawid.
- עָלֶ֔יךָ (ʿalekha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Addresses Dawid.
- וְלֹ֥א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction with negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- אֹתָ֖הּ (otah) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object pronoun, 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers to the evil.
- אַגִּ֥יד (aggid) – Root: נגד (nagad); Form: Imperfect 1st person singular, Hiphil; Translation: “I would tell”; Notes: Expresses obligation.
- לָֽךְ׃ (lakh) – Root: לך (lakh); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Emphasizes Yehonatan’s commitment to inform Dawid.