וַיֵּשֶׁב֩ יְהוּדָ֨ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לָבֶ֗טַח אִ֣ישׁ תַּ֤חַת גַּפְנֹו֙ וְתַ֣חַת תְּאֵֽנָתֹ֔ו מִדָּ֖ן וְעַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ ס
And Yehuda and Yisraʾel dwelled in safety, each man under his vine and under his fig tree, from Dan to Beʾer Shevaʿ, all the days of Shelomo.
Morphology
- וַיֵּשֶׁב֩ (va-yeshev) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he dwelled”; Notes: Narrative verb referring collectively to the people.
- יְהוּדָ֨ה (Yehudah) – Root: ידה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the southern kingdom.
- וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל (ve-Yisraʾel) – Root: שׂרה + אל; Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom or united Israel with Yehudah.
- לָבֶ֗טַח (la-vetaḥ) – Root: בטח; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “in safety”; Notes: Describes the condition of peaceful dwelling.
- אִ֣ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “each man”; Notes: Individualizes the peaceful condition.
- תַּ֤חַת גַּפְנֹו֙ (taḥat gafno) – Root: תחת, גפן; Form: Preposition + noun in construct with 3ms suffix; Translation: “under his vine”; Notes: Symbol of peace and prosperity.
- וְתַ֣חַת תְּאֵֽנָתֹ֔ו (ve-taḥat teʾenato) – Root: תחת, תאנה; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun with 3ms suffix; Translation: “and under his fig tree”; Notes: Another image of rural peace.
- מִדָּ֖ן (mi-Dan) – Root: דן; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “from Dan”; Notes: The northernmost city in Yisraʾel.
- וְעַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע (ve-ʿad Beʾer,Shevaʿ) – Root: עד, באר, שבע; Form: Conjunction + preposition + compound proper name; Translation: “and to Beʾer Shevaʿ”; Notes: The southernmost city, indicating the whole land.
- כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י שְׁלֹמֹֽה (kol yemei Shelomoh) – Root: כל, יום, שלמה; Form: Construct phrase + proper noun; Translation: “all the days of Shelomoh”; Notes: Duration of this prosperity.