עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁר־הֵסִ֨יר יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֔יו כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַ֖ד כָּל־עֲבָדָ֣יו הַנְּבִיאִ֑ים וַיִּ֨גֶל יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל מֵעַ֤ל אַדְמָתֹו֙ אַשּׁ֔וּרָה עַ֖ד הַיֹּ֥ום הַזֶּֽה׃ פ
Until YHWH removed Yisraʾel from before His face, as He had spoken by the hand of all His servants the prophets; and Yisraʾel was exiled from upon its land to Ashshur until this day.
Morphology
- עַד (ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿad); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Until”; Notes: Marks the limit of the preceding actions.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that” or “when”; Notes: Introduces the clause of divine removal.
- הֵסִיר (hesir) – Root: סור (sur); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He removed”; Notes: Describes YHWH’s act of rejecting Yisraʾel from His presence.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the verb “removed.”
- אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל (et-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The northern kingdom, object of divine judgment.
- מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָיו (meʿal panav) – Root: על (ʿal) + פנים (panim); Form: Preposition + noun plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from before His face”; Notes: Denotes being cast out of divine presence.
- כַּאֲשֶׁר (kaʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Comparative conjunction; Translation: “as”; Notes: Introduces the manner or correspondence to previous prophetic warning.
- דִּבֶּר (dibber) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He had spoken”; Notes: Emphasizes formal speech or proclamation.
- בְּיַד (be-yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition + noun; Translation: “by the hand of”; Notes: Instrumental expression referring to agency.
- כָּל־עֲבָדָיו (kol-ʿavadav) – Root: עבד (ʿeved); Form: Construct noun + plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “all His servants”; Notes: Refers to the prophets as messengers of YHWH.
- הַנְּבִיאִים (ha-neviʾim) – Root: נבא (navi); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the prophets”; Notes: Appointed spokesmen for YHWH’s word and judgment.
- וַיִּגֶל (va-yigel) – Root: גלה (galah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he exiled”; Notes: Refers to forced removal or deportation.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The subject of the exile.
- מֵעַ֤ל אַדְמָתוֹ (meʿal admato) – Root: אדמה (ʾadamah); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from upon his land”; Notes: Refers to loss of territorial inheritance.
- אַשּׁוּרָה (Ashshurah) – Root: אשׁור (Ashshur); Form: Proper noun with directional ending; Translation: “to Ashshur”; Notes: Land of Assyria—the destination of exile.
- עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה (ʿad ha-yom ha-zeh) – Root: יום (yom) + זה (zeh); Form: Prepositional phrase with definite noun and demonstrative; Translation: “until this day”; Notes: Common biblical phrase emphasizing continuity or lasting consequence.