2 Samuel 10:8

וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמֹּ֔ון וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּ מִלְחָמָ֖ה פֶּ֣תַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר וַאֲרַ֨ם צֹובָ֤א וּרְחֹוב֙ וְאִֽישׁ־טֹ֣וב וּמַֽעֲכָ֔ה לְבַדָּ֖ם בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃

And the sons of ʿAmmon came out and arranged for battle at the entrance of the gate, and Aram Tsova and Reḥov and Ish-tov and Maʿakha were by themselves in the field.

Morphology

1. וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ (vayyetseʾu) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they came out”; Notes: Describes ʿAmmon’s movement from the city.
2. בְּנֵ֣י עַמֹּ֔ון (benei ʿAmmon) – Root: בן (ben), עמון (ʿAmmon); Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “sons of ʿAmmon”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
3. וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּ (vayyaʿarkhu) – Root: ערך (ʿarakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they arranged”; Notes: Military positioning for battle.
4. מִלְחָמָ֖ה (milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “battle”; Notes: Object of “arranged.”
5. פֶּ֣תַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר (petakh ha-shaʿar) – Root: פתח (petakh), שער (shaʿar); Form: Noun construct + noun with definite article; Translation: “at the entrance of the gate”; Notes: Location of battle formation.
6. וַאֲרַ֨ם צֹובָ֤א (va-Aram Tsovah) – Root: ארם (Aram), צובה (Tsovah); Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Aram Tsovah”; Notes: One of the Aramean allies.
7. וּרְחֹוב֙ (u-Reḥov) – Root: רחוב (Reḥov); Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Reḥov”; Notes: Another allied Aramean city or region.
8. וְאִֽישׁ־טֹ֣וב (ve-Ish-Tov) – Root: איש (ish), טוב (Tov); Form: Conjunction + compound proper name; Translation: “and Ish-Tov”; Notes: Another ally or region name meaning “man of good.”
9. וּמַֽעֲכָ֔ה (u-Maʿakhah) – Root: מעכה (Maʿakhah); Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Maʿakhah”; Notes: Allied kingdom or king of Maʿakhah.
10. לְבַדָּ֖ם (levaddam) – Root: בדד (vadad); Form: Preposition + noun with 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “by themselves”; Notes: Emphasizes separate positioning.
11. בַּשָּׂדֶֽה (ba-sadeh) – Root: שדה (sadeh); Form: Preposition with definite article + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the field”; Notes: Contrasts with ʿAmmon’s position at the gate.