וַֽיְעַנְּךָ֮ וַיַּרְעִבֶךָ֒ וַיַּֽאֲכִֽלְךָ֤ אֶת הַמָּן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יָדַ֔עְתָּ וְלֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּן אֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֣עַן הֹודִֽעֲךָ֗ כִּ֠י לֹ֣א עַל־הַלֶּ֤חֶם לְבַדֹּו֙ יִחְיֶ֣ה הָֽאָדָ֔ם כִּ֛י עַל־כָּל־מֹוצָ֥א פִֽי־יְהוָ֖ה יִחְיֶ֥ה הָאָדָֽם׃
And He humbled you and let you hunger, and He fed you with manna, which you did not know, nor did your fathers know, in order to make you know that man does not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of YHWH does man live.
Morphology
- וַֽיְעַנְּךָ֮ (va-ye’annkha) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “And He humbled you”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s action of humbling Israel through trials.
- וַיַּרְעִבֶךָ֒ (va-yar’ivekha) – Root: רעב (raʿav); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “And He let you hunger”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s deliberate action to test dependence.
- וַיַּֽאֲכִֽלְךָ֤ (va-ya’akhilkha) – Root: אכל (ʾakal); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “And He fed you”; Notes: Refers to providing sustenance.
- אֶת הַמָּן֙ (et ha-man) – Root: מן (man); Form: Noun, masculine singular with direct object marker and definite article; Translation: “the manna”; Notes: Refers to the miraculous food given to Israel.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the clause describing manna.
- לֹא־יָדַ֔עְתָּ (lo-yadatta) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you did not know”; Notes: Expresses unfamiliarity with manna.
- וְלֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּן (ve-lo yadʿun) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “nor did they know”; Notes: Refers to the ancestors’ lack of knowledge of manna.
- אֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ (avotekha) – Root: אב (ʾav); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your fathers”; Notes: Refers to the forefathers of Israel.
- לְמַ֣עַן (le-maʿan) – Root: מען (maʿan); Form: Preposition; Translation: “in order to”; Notes: Indicates purpose.
- הֹודִֽעֲךָ֗ (hodikha) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Hifil infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to make you know”; Notes: Highlights YHWH’s intent to teach.
- כִּ֠י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the statement.
- לֹ֣א עַל־הַלֶּ֤חֶם (lo al-ha-lechem) – Root: לחם (lechem); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition and definite article; Translation: “not by bread”; Notes: Indicates dependence beyond physical sustenance.
- לְבַדֹּו֙ (levaddo) – Root: בדד (badad); Form: Noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “alone”; Notes: Emphasizes exclusivity.
- יִחְיֶ֣ה (yichyeh) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall live”; Notes: Describes sustenance and life.
- הָֽאָדָ֔ם (ha-adam) – Root: אדם (adam); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “man”; Notes: Refers to humanity in general.
- כִּ֛י עַל־כָּל־מֹוצָ֥א (ki al-kol-motza) – Root: יצא (yatsa); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “but by every word”; Notes: Indicates reliance on divine utterance.
- פִֽי־יְהוָ֖ה (fi-YHWH) – Root: פה (peh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with divine name; Translation: “mouth of YHWH”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s spoken commands.
- יִחְיֶ֥ה (yichyeh) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall live”; Notes: Reiterates the concept of life from divine provision.
- הָאָדָֽם׃ (ha-adam) – Root: אדם (adam); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “man”; Notes: Ends the statement with emphasis on humanity.