1 Samuel 25:21

וְדָוִ֣ד אָמַ֗ר אַךְ֩ לַשֶּׁ֨קֶר שָׁמַ֜רְתִּי אֶֽת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר לָזֶה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְלֹא־נִפְקַ֥ד מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֖ו מְא֑וּמָה וַיָּֽשֶׁב־לִ֥י רָעָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת טֹובָֽה׃

And Dawid said, “Surely for nothing have I guarded all that belongs to this man in the wilderness, so that nothing of all that was his was missing, and he has repaid me evil instead of good.

 

Morphology

  1. וְדָוִ֣ד (ve-Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “And Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the sentence.
  2. אָמַ֗ר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Introduces Dawid’s statement.
  3. אַךְ֩ (akh) – Root: אך (akh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Surely”; Notes: Emphasizes the assertion.
  4. לַשֶּׁ֨קֶר (la-sheqer) – Root: שקר (sheqer); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “for nothing”; Notes: Indicates futility.
  5. שָׁמַ֜רְתִּי (shamarti) – Root: שמר (shamar); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I guarded”; Notes: Describes Dawid’s action.
  6. אֶֽת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר (et-kol-asher) – Root: כל (kol), אשר (asher); Form: Particle + relative pronoun; Translation: “all that”; Notes: Introduces what was guarded.
  7. לָזֶה֙ (la-zeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “to this man”; Notes: Refers to Naval.
  8. בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר (ba-midbar) – Root: מדבר (midbar); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “in the wilderness”; Notes: Specifies location.
  9. וְלֹא־נִפְקַ֥ד (ve-lo nifqad) – Root: פקד (paqad); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and nothing was missing”; Notes: Stresses the completeness of his protection.
  10. מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֖ו (mi-kol-asher-lo) – Root: כל (kol), אשר (asher), לו (lo); Form: Preposition + noun construct + relative pronoun + pronoun 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “of all that was his”; Notes: Refers to Naval’s possessions.
  11. מְא֑וּמָה (meʾumah) – Root: מאום (meʾum); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “anything”; Notes: Reinforces the completeness.
  12. וַיָּֽשֶׁב־לִ֥י (vayyashev-li) – Root: שוב (shuv); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “and he repaid me”; Notes: Highlights the injustice.
  13. רָעָ֖ה (raʿah) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “evil”; Notes: What Naval returned.
  14. תַּ֥חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Preposition; Translation: “instead of”; Notes: Shows contrast.
  15. טֹובָֽה (tovah) – Root: טוב (tov); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “good”; Notes: What Dawid had given.

 

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