וְדָוִ֣ד אָמַ֗ר אַךְ֩ לַשֶּׁ֨קֶר שָׁמַ֜רְתִּי אֶֽת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר לָזֶה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְלֹא־נִפְקַ֥ד מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֖ו מְא֑וּמָה וַיָּֽשֶׁב־לִ֥י רָעָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת טֹובָֽה׃
And Dawid said, “Surely for nothing have I guarded all that belongs to this man in the wilderness, so that nothing of all that was his was missing, and he has repaid me evil instead of good.
Morphology
- וְדָוִ֣ד (ve-Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “And Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the sentence.
- אָמַ֗ר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Introduces Dawid’s statement.
- אַךְ֩ (akh) – Root: אך (akh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Surely”; Notes: Emphasizes the assertion.
- לַשֶּׁ֨קֶר (la-sheqer) – Root: שקר (sheqer); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “for nothing”; Notes: Indicates futility.
- שָׁמַ֜רְתִּי (shamarti) – Root: שמר (shamar); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I guarded”; Notes: Describes Dawid’s action.
- אֶֽת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר (et-kol-asher) – Root: כל (kol), אשר (asher); Form: Particle + relative pronoun; Translation: “all that”; Notes: Introduces what was guarded.
- לָזֶה֙ (la-zeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “to this man”; Notes: Refers to Naval.
- בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר (ba-midbar) – Root: מדבר (midbar); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “in the wilderness”; Notes: Specifies location.
- וְלֹא־נִפְקַ֥ד (ve-lo nifqad) – Root: פקד (paqad); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and nothing was missing”; Notes: Stresses the completeness of his protection.
- מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֖ו (mi-kol-asher-lo) – Root: כל (kol), אשר (asher), לו (lo); Form: Preposition + noun construct + relative pronoun + pronoun 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “of all that was his”; Notes: Refers to Naval’s possessions.
- מְא֑וּמָה (meʾumah) – Root: מאום (meʾum); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “anything”; Notes: Reinforces the completeness.
- וַיָּֽשֶׁב־לִ֥י (vayyashev-li) – Root: שוב (shuv); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “and he repaid me”; Notes: Highlights the injustice.
- רָעָ֖ה (raʿah) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “evil”; Notes: What Naval returned.
- תַּ֥חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Preposition; Translation: “instead of”; Notes: Shows contrast.
- טֹובָֽה (tovah) – Root: טוב (tov); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “good”; Notes: What Dawid had given.