וַיְהִ֣י לְעֵ֣ת הָעֶ֗רֶב וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד מֵעַ֤ל מִשְׁכָּבֹו֙ וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ֙ עַל־גַּ֣ג בֵּית־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּ֥רְא אִשָּׁ֛ה רֹחֶ֖צֶת מֵעַ֣ל הַגָּ֑ג וְהָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה טֹובַ֥ת מַרְאֶ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃
And it came to pass at the time of the evening, that Dawid arose from upon his bed and walked upon the roof of the house of the king; and he saw a woman bathing from upon the roof, and the woman was very beautiful in appearance.
Morphology
- וַיְהִ֣י (vayehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Standard narrative introduction.
- לְעֵ֣ת (le-ʿet) – Root: עת (ʿet); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “at the time of”; Notes: Indicates temporal setting.
- הָעֶ֗רֶב (ha-ʿerev) – Root: ערב (ʿerev); Form: Noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the evening”; Notes: Time of day.
- וַיָּ֨קָם (vayyaqam) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he rose”; Notes: Dawid’s action from rest.
- דָּוִ֜ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the action.
- מֵעַ֤ל (me-ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with prefix mem; Translation: “from upon”; Notes: Motion from above.
- מִשְׁכָּבֹו֙ (mishkavo) – Root: שׁכב (shakav); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his bed”; Notes: Resting place.
- וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ֙ (vayyithalekh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Hitpael wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he walked”; Notes: Reflective or leisurely walking.
- עַל־גַּ֣ג (ʿal-gag) – Root: גג (gag); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “upon the roof”; Notes: Elevated location.
- בֵּית־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ (beit-ha-melekh) – Roots: בית (bayit), מלך (melekh); Form: Construct noun + noun masculine singular with article; Translation: “the house of the king”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s palace.
- וַיַּ֥רְא (vayyar) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he saw”; Notes: Visual perception.
- אִשָּׁ֛ה (ishah) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a woman”; Notes: Indefinite subject of observation.
- רֹחֶ֖צֶת (roḥetzet) – Root: רחץ (raḥatz); Form: Qal participle feminine singular; Translation: “bathing”; Notes: Ongoing action.
- מֵעַ֣ל (meʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with prefix mem; Translation: “from upon”; Notes: Locative reference to the rooftop.
- הַגָּ֑ג (ha-gag) – Root: גג (gag); Form: Noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the roof”; Notes: Elevated structure observed from above.
- וְהָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה (ve-ha-ishah) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular with article; Translation: “and the woman”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis.
- טֹובַ֥ת (tovat) – Root: טוב (tov); Form: Adjective feminine singular construct; Translation: “good of”; Notes: Construct form with following noun.
- מַרְאֶ֖ה (marʾeh) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “appearance”; Notes: Refers to physical beauty.
- מְאֹֽד (meʾod) – Root: מאד (meʾod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “very”; Notes: Emphasizes degree of beauty.