Isaiah 4:4

אִ֣ם רָחַ֣ץ אֲדֹנָ֗י אֵ֚ת צֹאַ֣ת בְּנֹות־צִיֹּ֔ון וְאֶת־דְּמֵ֥י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם יָדִ֣יחַ מִקִּרְבָּ֑הּ בְּר֥וּחַ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּבְר֥וּחַ בָּעֵֽר׃

When the Lord shall have washed away the filth of the daughters of Tsiyon, and shall rinse the blood of Yerushalayim from her midst, by a spirit of judgment and by a spirit of burning.

Morphology

1. אִם (im) – Form: Conjunction; Translation: “when” or “if”; Notes: Functions here as a temporal “when,” introducing the purifying act of the Lord.
2. רָחַץ (raḥats) – Root: רחץ; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “washed”; Notes: Refers to ceremonial or moral cleansing.
3. אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) – Root: אדן; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “the Lord”; Notes: Subject of the verbs “washed” and “rinsed.”
4. אֵת (et) – Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [untranslated]; Notes: Marks the object “filth.”
5. צֹאַת (tsoʾat) – Root: צאה; Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “filth of”; Notes: Symbol of impurity or moral defilement.
6. בְּנוֹת־צִיּוֹן (benot-Tsiyon) – Root: בת, ציון; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “the daughters of Tsiyon”; Notes: Symbolic of the women or people of the city.
7. וְאֵת (ve-et) – Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects to the next object “blood.”
8. דְּמֵי (demei) – Root: דם; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “the blood of”; Notes: Often denotes bloodshed or guilt.
9. יְרוּשָׁלִַם (Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלם; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: The city subject to divine purification.
10. יָדִיחַ (yadiaḥ) – Root: דוח; Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall rinse” or “shall purge”; Notes: Conveys thorough cleansing.
11. מִקִּרְבָּהּ (mi-qirbah) – Root: קרב; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “from her midst”; Notes: Refers to internal purification.
12. בְּרוּחַ (be-ruaḥ) – Root: רוח; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “by a spirit”; Notes: Can mean breath, wind, or divine agency.
13. מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat) – Root: שׁפט; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “judgment”; Notes: Refers to divine justice or legal decision.
14. וּבְרוּחַ (u-ve-ruaḥ) – Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and by a spirit”; Notes: Parallel phrase to the previous.
15. בָּעֵר (baʿer) – Root: בער; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “burning”; Notes: Indicates purging through fire—judgment and purification.