אֲרָ֣ם מִקֶּ֗דֶם וּפְלִשְׁתִּים֙ מֵֽאָחֹ֔ור וַיֹּאכְל֥וּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּכָל־פֶּ֑ה בְּכָל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפֹּ֔ו וְעֹ֖וד יָדֹ֥ו נְטוּיָֽה׃
Aram from the east and the Pelishtim from behind, and they devour Yisraʾel with open mouth. In all this, His anger has not turned back, and His hand is still stretched out.
Morphology
- אֲרָ֣ם (Aram) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Aram”; Notes: Ancient nation northeast of Yisraʾel, often an enemy.
- מִקֶּ֗דֶם (miqqedem) – Root: קדם; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the east”; Notes: Indicates Aram’s direction of approach.
- וּפְלִשְׁתִּים (u-Felishtim) – Root: פלשׁ; Form: Conjunction + proper noun masculine plural; Translation: “and the Pelishtim”; Notes: Longstanding enemies of Yisraʾel from the coastal west.
- מֵֽאָחֹ֔ור (meʾaḥor) – Root: אחור; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from behind”; Notes: Symbolic of a two-front attack.
- וַיֹּאכְל֥וּ (va-yoʾkhelu) – Root: אכל; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they devoured”; Notes: Violent, figurative consumption—total destruction.
- אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (et-Yisraʾel) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom.
- בְּכָל־פֶּ֑ה (be-khol-peh) – Root: פה; Form: Preposition + construct noun masculine singular; Translation: “with all mouth”; Notes: Idiom meaning “with full force” or “ravenously.”
- בְּכָל־זֹאת (be-khol-zot) – Root: זאת; Form: Preposition + demonstrative feminine singular; Translation: “In all this”; Notes: Introduces a divine reaction (or lack thereof) to prior events.
- לֹא־שָׁ֣ב (lo-shav) – Root: שוב; Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has not turned back”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s anger remaining active.
- אַפֹּ֔ו (appo) – Root: אף; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His anger”; Notes: Common metaphor for wrath.
- וְעֹ֖וד (ve-ʿod) – Root: עוד; Form: Conjunction + adverb; Translation: “and still”; Notes: Continues the previous line of divine response.
- יָדֹ֥ו (yado) – Root: יד; Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His hand”; Notes: Symbol of power or judgment.
- נְטוּיָֽה (netuyah) – Root: נטה; Form: Qal passive participle feminine singular; Translation: “stretched out”; Notes: Often used in prophetic contexts for continued judgment.