אֵ֛יךְ נָפַ֥לְתָּ מִשָּׁמַ֖יִם הֵילֵ֣ל בֶּן־שָׁ֑חַר נִגְדַּ֣עְתָּ לָאָ֔רֶץ חֹולֵ֖שׁ עַל־גֹּויִֽם׃
“How you have fallen from heaven, Helel son of Shaḥar! You are cut down to the earth, you who laid low the nations!
Morphology
- אֵיךְ (eikh) – Root: איך; Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “How”; Notes: Expresses astonishment, lament, or disbelief.
- נָפַלְתָּ (nafaltah) – Root: נפל (nafal); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you have fallen”; Notes: Describes a sudden, dramatic fall.
- מִשָּׁמַיִם (mi-shamayim) – Root: שׁמים (shamayim); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural; Translation: “from heaven”; Notes: Signifies loss of exalted status.
- הֵילֵל (Helel) – Root: Possibly הלל (halal); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Helel”; Notes: A name meaning “shining one” or “morning star.”
- בֶּן־שָׁחַר (ben-shaḥar) – Root: בן + שׁחר; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of Shachar”; Notes: “Shachar” means “dawn,” suggesting celestial imagery.
- נִגְדַּעְתָּ (nigdaʿtah) – Root: גדע (gadaʿ); Form: Nifal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you are cut down”; Notes: Passive form implying divine judgment or sudden ruin.
- לָאָרֶץ (la-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “to the earth”; Notes: Contrast to “from heaven,” showing complete downfall.
- חֹולֵשׁ (ḥolesh) – Root: חול (ḥalash); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “one who laid low” or “weakened”; Notes: Describes former activity of the fallen one.
- עַל־גֹּויִם (ʿal-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural; Translation: “the nations”; Notes: Refers to the nations once dominated by the fallen figure.