הֹ֗וי הֲמֹון֙ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים כַּהֲמֹ֥ות יַמִּ֖ים יֶהֱמָי֑וּן וּשְׁאֹ֣ון לְאֻמִּ֔ים כִּשְׁאֹ֛ון מַ֥יִם כַּבִּירִ֖ים יִשָּׁאֽוּן׃
Woe, the tumult of many peoples; they roar like the roaring of seas! And the noise of nations; they make a noise like the noise of mighty waters!
Morphology
- הֹוי (hoy) – Root: Interjection; Form: Interjection; Translation: “Woe” or “Ah!”; Notes: A prophetic cry, introducing warning or lament.
- הֲמֹון (hamon) – Root: המם (hamam); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “tumult” or “roar”; Notes: Refers to a loud, confusing sound, often of a crowd or army.
- עַמִּים (ʿamim) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “peoples”; Notes: Refers to various nations or ethnic groups.
- רַבִּים (rabbim) – Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “many”; Notes: Describes the multitude of the peoples.
- כַּהֲמֹות (ka-hamot) – Root: המם (hamam); Form: Preposition + noun feminine plural; Translation: “like the roarings of”; Notes: A simile introducing comparison with the sea.
- יַמִּים (yammim) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “seas”; Notes: Symbolic of chaos and nations in motion.
- יֶהֱמָיון (yehemayon) – Root: המם (hamam); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they roar”; Notes: Parallels the sound of crashing waves or multitudes.
- וּשְׁאֹון (u-she’on) – Root: שׁאון (she’on); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the noise”; Notes: Suggests loud, confused uproar.
- לְאֻמִּים (le’ummim) – Root: לאם (laʾam); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Parallel term to “peoples.”
- כִּשְׁאֹון (ki-she’on) – Root: שׁאון (she’on); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like the noise of”; Notes: Begins a second simile.
- מַיִם (mayim) – Root: מים (mayim); Form: Noun masculine plural in form but singular in usage; Translation: “waters”; Notes: Often used metaphorically for nations or danger.
- כַּבִּירִים (kabbirim) – Root: כבר (kavar); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “mighty”; Notes: Qualifies the waters as powerful or overwhelming.
- יִשָּׁאוּן (yissa’un) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they are lifted up” or “they surge”; Notes: Describes the forceful rising or swelling of waters (or nations).