Isaiah 28:18

וְכֻפַּ֤ר בְּרִֽיתְכֶם֙ אֶת־מָ֔וֶת וְחָזוּתְכֶ֥ם אֶת־שְׁאֹ֖ול לֹ֣א תָק֑וּם שֹׁ֤וט שֹׁוטֵף֙ כִּ֣י יַֽעֲבֹ֔ר וִהְיִ֥יתֶם לֹ֖ו לְמִרְמָֽס׃

And your covenant with death shall be annulled, and your agreement with Sheʾol shall not stand; when the overflowing scourge passes through, then you shall be trampled by it.

 

Morphology

  1. וְכֻפַּ֤ר (ve-khuppar) – Root: כפר (kapar); Form: Pual perfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “shall be annulled” or “shall be atoned”; Notes: Here it carries the sense of nullification or cancellation, not atonement.
  2. בְּרִֽיתְכֶם֙ (beritkhem) – Root: ברית (berit); Form: Noun feminine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your covenant”; Notes: Refers to the pact mentioned earlier with death.
  3. אֶת־מָ֔וֶת (et-mavet) – Root: מות (mavet); Form: Direct object marker אֶת + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with death”; Notes: The object of the broken covenant.
  4. וְחָזוּתְכֶ֥ם (ve-ḥazutkhem) – Root: חזה (ḥazah); Form: Noun feminine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix with conjunction; Translation: “your agreement” or “your vision”; Notes: Likely used in the sense of a deal or pact here.
  5. אֶת־שְׁאֹ֖ול (et-Sheʾol) – Root: שׁאל (Sheʾol); Form: Direct object marker אֶת + proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “with Sheʾol”; Notes: The second object of their alliance.
  6. לֹ֣א תָק֑וּם (lo taqum) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “shall not stand”; Notes: Denotes failure or collapse of the agreement.
  7. שֹׁ֤וט (shot) – Root: שוט (shut); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “scourge”; Notes: A rod or instrument of judgment.
  8. שֹׁוטֵף֙ (shoteif) – Root: שׁטף (shataf); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “overflowing”; Notes: Describes the destructive nature of the scourge.
  9. כִּ֣י יַֽעֲבֹ֔ר (ki yaʿavor) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Conjunction כִּי + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “when it passes through”; Notes: Temporal clause introducing the judgment event.
  10. וִהְיִיתֶם (vi-heyitem) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive; Translation: “then you shall be”; Notes: Signals the resulting state of the people.
  11. לֹ֖ו (lo) – Root: ל (le) + הוא (hu); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to it”; Notes: Refers to the overflowing scourge.
  12. לְמִרְמָֽס (le-mirmas) – Root: רמס (ramas); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “for trampling”; Notes: Denotes being trodden underfoot—complete humiliation or destruction.

 

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