הֹ֣וי בָּנִ֤ים סֹֽורְרִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲשֹׂ֤ות עֵצָה֙ וְלֹ֣א מִנִּ֔י וְלִנְסֹ֥ךְ מַסֵּכָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א רוּחִ֑י לְמַ֛עַן סְפֹ֥ות חַטָּ֖את עַל־חַטָּֽאת׃
Woe to rebellious children, declares YHWH, to carry out counsel, but not from Me; and to pour out a libation, but not of My spirit, in order to add sin upon sin.
Morphology
- הֹ֣וי (hoy) – Root: הוי; Form: Interjection; Translation: “Woe”; Notes: An expression of lament or warning, often introducing divine rebuke.
- בָּנִ֤ים (banim) – Root: בן; Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “children”; Notes: Often metaphorically refers to the people of Yisraʾel.
- סֹֽורְרִים֙ (sorerim) – Root: סור; Form: Qal active participle masculine plural; Translation: “rebellious”; Notes: Describes obstinate or disobedient behavior.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + divine name; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: A prophetic affirmation formula.
- לַעֲשֹׂ֤ות (laʿasot) – Root: עשה; Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to do” or “to carry out”; Notes: Governs the next object (“counsel”).
- עֵצָה֙ (ʿetsah) – Root: עצה; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “counsel”; Notes: Refers to a plan or strategy, especially political or spiritual guidance.
- וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Introduces negation of the source of the counsel.
- מִנִּ֔י (mimmi) – Root: מן; Form: Preposition + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “from Me”; Notes: Emphasizes disobedience to divine authority.
- וְלִנְסֹ֥ךְ (ve-linsoḵ) – Root: נסך; Form: Conjunction + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “and to pour out”; Notes: Refers to libation, possibly idolatrous in context.
- מַסֵּכָ֖ה (massekah) – Root: נסך; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “libation” or “molten image”; Notes: Can refer to either poured offering or idol; likely libation here due to verbal parallelism.
- וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Parallel negation as above.
- רוּחִ֑י (ruḥi) – Root: רוח; Form: Noun feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “My spirit”; Notes: May signify divine inspiration or will.
- לְמַ֛עַן (lemaʿan) – Root: מען; Form: Preposition; Translation: “in order to”; Notes: Introduces a purpose/result clause.
- סְפֹ֥ות (sefot) – Root: ספה; Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to add”; Notes: Verb of accumulation, often in negative sense.
- חַטָּ֖את (ḥattaʾt) – Root: חטא; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “sin”; Notes: Common term for transgression or offense against YHWH.
- עַל־חַטָּֽאת (ʿal-ḥattaʾt) – Root: חטא; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “upon sin”; Notes: Intensifies culpability: piling sin upon sin.