פָּשֹׁ֤עַ וְכַחֵשׁ֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וְנָסֹ֖וג מֵאַחַ֣ר אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ דַּבֶּר־עֹ֣שֶׁק וְסָרָ֔ה הֹרֹ֧ו וְהֹגֹ֛ו מִלֵּ֖ב דִּבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר׃
Transgressing and denying YHWH, and turning back from following our God, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood.
Morphology
- פָּשֹׁעַ (pashoʿa) – Root: פשׁע; Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “transgressing”; Notes: Functions as a verbal noun, emphasizing deliberate rebellion.
- וְכַחֵשׁ (ve-khaḥesh) – Root: כחש; Form: Conjunction + Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “and denying”; Notes: Parallels the previous infinitive for poetic force.
- בַּיהוָה (ba-YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in YHWH”; Notes: Denying allegiance or trust in YHWH.
- וְנָסֹוג (ve-nasog) – Root: נסג; Form: Conjunction + Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “and turning back”; Notes: Expresses retreat or apostasy.
- מֵאַחַר (me-aḥar) – Root: אחר; Form: Preposition + noun; Translation: “from after”; Notes: Idiom meaning “from following.”
- אֱלֹהֵינוּ (Eloheinu) – Root: אֱלֹהִים; Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “our God”; Notes: Denotes personal covenant relationship.
- דַּבֶּר־עֹשֶׁק (dabber-ʿosheq) – Root: דבר, עשׁק; Form: Piel infinitive construct + noun masculine singular; Translation: “speaking oppression”; Notes: Indicates intentional verbal injustice or abuse.
- וְסָרָה (ve-sarah) – Root: סור; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and revolt”; Notes: Often describes rebellion against divine authority.
- הֹרֹו (horo) – Root: הרה; Form: Qal infinitive absolute with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “conceiving”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to forming wickedness internally.
- וְהֹגֹו (ve-hogo) – Root: הגה; Form: Conjunction + Qal infinitive absolute with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and uttering”; Notes: The suffix agrees with the speaker; paired with “conceiving.”
- מִלֵּב (mi-lev) – Root: לבב; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the heart”; Notes: Source of the speech and intention.
- דִּבְרֵי־שָׁקֶר (divrei-sheqer) – Roots: דבר, שׁקר; Form: Construct plural + noun masculine singular; Translation: “words of falsehood”; Notes: Lies or deceitful expressions flowing from internal corruption.