הֹבִ֕ישׁוּ כִּ֥י תֹועֵבָ֖ה עָשׂ֑וּ גַּם־בֹּ֣ושׁ לֹֽא־יֵבֹ֗ושׁוּ גַּם־הַכְלִים֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ לָכֵ֞ן יִפְּל֧וּ בַנֹּפְלִ֛ים בְּעֵת־פְּקַדְתִּ֥ים יִכָּשְׁל֖וּ אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס
They are put to shame, for they have committed abomination. Yet they are not ashamed at all, they do not even know how to blush. Therefore they shall fall among the fallen; at the time that I punish them, they shall stumble,” says YHWH.
Morphology
- הֹבִ֕ישׁוּ (hovishu) – Root: בושׁ; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “They are put to shame”; Notes: Causative sense—declared or made ashamed due to guilt.
- כִּ֥י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for shame.
- תֹועֵבָ֖ה (toʿevah) – Root: תעב; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “abomination”; Notes: Refers to morally repugnant actions, especially idolatry or injustice.
- עָשׂ֑וּ (ʿasu) – Root: עשׂה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have committed”; Notes: Refers to deliberate wrongdoing.
- גַּם־בֹּ֣ושׁ (gam-bosh) – Root: בושׁ; Form: Particle גַּם + Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “also shame”; Notes: Emphasizes the expectation of shame.
- לֹֽא־יֵבֹ֗ושׁוּ (lo-yevosh’u) – Root: בושׁ; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with negative particle; Translation: “they are not ashamed”; Notes: Expresses moral numbness.
- גַּם־הַכְלִים (gam-hakhlim) – Root: כלם; Form: Particle גַּם + Hifil infinitive construct with definite article; Translation: “even to blush”; Notes: Idiomatic: to feel disgrace or shame visibly.
- לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ (lo-yadaʿu) – Root: ידע; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with negative particle; Translation: “they did not know”; Notes: They have lost moral sensitivity.
- לָכֵ֞ן (lakhen) – Root: כן; Form: Adverb/conjunction; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Logical consequence from prior clauses.
- יִפְּל֧וּ (yippelu) – Root: נפל; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall fall”; Notes: Predicts coming judgment or defeat.
- בַנֹּפְלִ֛ים (ba-nofelim) – Root: נפל; Form: Preposition בְּ + Qal active participle masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “among the fallen”; Notes: Indicates they will share the fate of the already judged.
- בְּעֵת־פְּקַדְתִּ֥ים (be-ʿet-peqad’tim) – Root: פקד; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct + Qal perfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “at the time I punish them”; Notes: Indicates divine timing of judgment.
- יִכָּשְׁל֖וּ (yikashlu) – Root: כשל; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall stumble”; Notes: Passive reflexive indicating collapse or downfall.
- אָמַ֥ר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Attribution of the prophetic word.
- יְהוָֽה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine speaker affirming the judgment.