וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אֲ֠נָשִׁים מִשְּׁכֶ֞ם מִשִּׁלֹ֤ו וּמִשֹּֽׁמְרֹון֙ שְׁמֹנִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ מְגֻלְּחֵ֥י זָקָ֛ן וּקְרֻעֵ֥י בְגָדִ֖ים וּמִתְגֹּֽדְדִ֑ים וּמִנְחָ֤ה וּלְבֹונָה֙ בְּיָדָ֔ם לְהָבִ֖יא בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃
And men came from Shekhem, from Shilo, and from Shomeron, eighty men, shaved of beard and torn of garments and gashing themselves, and a grain-offering and frankincense in their hand, to bring to the house of YHWH.
Morphology
- וַיָּבֹאוּ (va-yavoʾu) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they came”; Notes: Marks the arrival of the group.
- אֲנָשִׁים (anashim) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “men”; Notes: The subject of the action.
- מִשְּׁכֶם (mi-Shekhem) – Root: שׁכם (Shekhem); Form: Preposition מ + proper noun; Translation: “from Shekhem”; Notes: A city in the hill country of Ephraim.
- מִשִּׁלֹו (mi-Shilo) – Root: שׁלה (Shiloh); Form: Preposition מ + proper noun; Translation: “from Shilo”; Notes: Site of the tabernacle before Yerushalayim.
- וּמִשֹּׁמְרֹון (u-mi-Shomeron) – Root: שׁמרון (Shomeron); Form: Conjunction + preposition מ + proper noun; Translation: “and from Shomeron”; Notes: Capital of the northern kingdom.
- שְׁמֹנִים (shemōnim) – Root: שׁמן (shemonah, “eight”); Form: Numeral masculine plural; Translation: “eighty”; Notes: Specifies the number of men.
- אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “men”; Notes: Used distributively, “eighty men.”
- מְגֻלְּחֵי (megullḥei) – Root: גלח (galaḥ); Form: Pual participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “shaved of”; Notes: Mourning practice of shaving the beard.
- זָקָן (zaqan) – Root: זקן (zaqan); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “beard”; Notes: Indicates mourning gesture.
- וּקְרֻעֵי (u-qeruei) – Root: קרע (qaraʿ); Form: Qal passive participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “torn of”; Notes: Refers to garments torn in grief.
- בְגָדִים (begadim) – Root: בגד (beged); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “garments”; Notes: Symbol of mourning or distress.
- וּמִתְגֹּדְדִים (u-mitgodedim) – Root: גדד (gadad); Form: Hitpael participle masculine plural; Translation: “gashing themselves”; Notes: A mourning or cultic act, forbidden in Torah law (Deut. 14:1).
- וּמִנְחָה (u-minḥah) – Root: נחה (minḥah); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and a grain-offering”; Notes: Gift or offering brought to YHWH.
- וּלְבֹונָה (u-levonah) – Root: לבנ (levonah); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and frankincense”; Notes: Aromatic substance used in temple offerings.
- בְּיָדָם (be-yadam) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition ב + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “in their hand”; Notes: Indicates possession or carrying.
- לְהָבִיא (le-havi) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Preposition ל + Hifil infinitive construct; Translation: “to bring”; Notes: Purpose of their journey.
- בֵּית (beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Construct noun masculine singular; Translation: “house of”; Notes: Refers to the temple.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The God of Yisraʾel, covenantal name.