עֲרַב֙ וְכָל־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י קֵדָ֔ר הֵ֖מָּה סֹחֲרֵ֣י יָדֵ֑ךְ בְּכָרִ֤ים וְאֵילִים֙ וְעַתּוּדִ֔ים בָּ֖ם סֹחֲרָֽיִךְ׃
ʿArav and all the chiefs of Qedar, they were the traders of your hand; with lambs, and rams, and goats, in them were your merchants.
Morphology
- עֲרַב (ʿArab) – Root: ערב (ʿarab); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “ʿArab”; Notes: Refers to the Arabian tribes or region, known for livestock trade and desert commerce.
- וְכָל־נְשִׂיאֵי (ve-khol-nesiʾei) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “and all the chiefs of”; Notes: Denotes leaders or princes, often tribal rulers.
- קֵדָר (Qedar) – Root: קדר (Qedar); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Qedar”; Notes: Refers to an Arabian nomadic tribe descended from Ishmael (Genesis 25:13), associated with shepherding and trading livestock.
- הֵמָּה (hemmah) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Independent pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “they”; Notes: Refers collectively to ʿArab and the chiefs of Qedar as Tyre’s trade partners.
- סֹחֲרֵי (soḥarei) – Root: סחר (saḥar); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “traders of”; Notes: Describes their role in commercial exchange with Tyre.
- יָדֵךְ (yadekh) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “your hand”; Notes: Idiomatic expression for business dealings or trade activities.
- בְּכָרִים (be-kharim) – Root: בכר (bakhar); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “with lambs”; Notes: Refers to young rams, valuable for offerings or food trade.
- וְאֵילִים (ve-ʾelim) – Root: איל (ʾayil); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and rams”; Notes: Rams were a common symbol of strength and important in sacrificial and trade contexts.
- וְעַתּוּדִים (ve-ʿatudim) – Root: עתד (ʿatad); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and goats”; Notes: Refers to mature he-goats, a product of nomadic herding economy.
- בָּם (bam) – Root: בם (bam); Form: Preposition בְּ + pronoun 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “in them”; Notes: Indicates the commodities in which the trade took place.
- סֹחֲרָיִךְ (soḥarayikh) – Root: סחר (saḥar); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “your merchants”; Notes: Refers to Tyre’s traders who engaged in livestock exchange with Arabian tribes.