בְּצֵ֤את עִזְבֹונַ֨יִךְ֙ מִיַּמִּ֔ים הִשְׂבַּ֖עַתְּ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים בְּרֹ֤ב הֹונַ֨יִךְ֙ וּמַ֣עֲרָבַ֔יִךְ הֶעֱשַׁ֖רְתְּ מַלְכֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃
When your merchandise went out from the seas, you satisfied many peoples; with the abundance of your wealth and your wares you enriched the kings of the earth.
Morphology
- בְּצֵאת (be-tset) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Preposition בְּ + infinitive construct (Qal); Translation: “when going out” or “at the departure”; Notes: The infinitive construct expresses temporal sense—Tyre’s exports leaving the port.
- עִזְבֹונַיִךְ (ʿizvonayikh) – Root: עזב (ʿazav); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “your merchandise” or “your trade goods”; Notes: Refers to Tyre’s traded wares and goods sent abroad from her ports.
- מִיַּמִּים (mi-yammim) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine plural; Translation: “from the seas”; Notes: Indicates the maritime origin of Tyre’s commerce, emphasizing her dependence on seafaring trade routes.
- הִשְׂבַּעַתְּ (hisbaʿat) – Root: שׂבע (savaʿ); Form: Hifil perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you satisfied”; Notes: The causative form signifies Tyre as the provider of abundance and prosperity to others through her trade.
- עַמִּים (ʿammim) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “peoples”; Notes: Refers to various nations or ethnic groups enriched through Tyre’s commercial influence.
- רַבִּים (rabbim) – Root: רבב (rav); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “many”; Notes: Describes the vast number of nations that benefited from Tyre’s trade.
- בְּרֹב (be-rov) – Root: רבב (rav); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “by the abundance of”; Notes: Indicates the means by which Tyre enriched others—her plentiful wealth.
- הֹונַיִךְ (honayikh) – Root: הון (hon); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “your wealth”; Notes: Denotes material prosperity and luxury, a hallmark of Tyre’s trade empire.
- וּמַעֲרָבַיִךְ (u-maʿaravayikh) – Root: ערב (ʿarav); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “and your wares”; Notes: Refers to the merchandise exchanged through commerce, paired with wealth to stress Tyre’s prosperity.
- הֶעֱשַׁרְתְּ (heʿeshart) – Root: עשר (ʿashar); Form: Hifil perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you enriched”; Notes: Causative—Tyre is the source of enrichment for others, showing her economic dominance among nations.
- מַלְכֵי־אָֽרֶץ (malkei-ʾarets) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + noun feminine singular; Translation: “the kings of the earth”; Notes: Refers to rulers of foreign lands who benefited from Tyre’s trade, indicating her far-reaching influence.