וּפָקַדְתִּ֣י עָלֶ֗יהָ אֶת־יְמֵ֤י הַבְּעָלִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּקְטִ֣יר לָהֶ֔ם וַתַּ֤עַד נִזְמָהּ֙ וְחֶלְיָתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ אַחֲרֵ֣י מְאַהֲבֶ֑יהָ וְאֹתִ֥י שָׁכְחָ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ
And I will punish her for the days of the Baʿalim, when she burned incense to them, and she adorned herself with her nose ring and her jewelry, and went after her lovers, but Me she forgot,” declares YHWH.
Morphology
- וּפָקַדְתִּי (u-faqadti) – Root: פקד (p-q-d); Form: Qal perfect 1cs with conjunctive וּ; Translation: “and I will punish” or “visit upon”; Notes: In this context, “visit” means to call to account or bring judgment upon Israel for her idolatry.
- עָלֶיהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition עַל + third fs suffix; Translation: “upon her”; Notes: Refers to unfaithful Israel personified as a woman.
- אֶת־יְמֵי (et-yemei) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Direct object marker + plural construct form of noun; Translation: “the days of”; Notes: Refers to the specific times or occasions of Baal worship.
- הַבְּעָלִים (ha-beʿalim) – Root: בעל (b-ʿ-l); Form: Definite plural noun masculine; Translation: “the Baʿalim” (the Baals); Notes: Refers to the various manifestations of the Canaanite deity Baal worshiped by Israel.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause describing the manner of Israel’s sin.
- תַּקְטִיר (taqtir) – Root: קטר (q-ṭ-r); Form: Hifil imperfect 3fs; Translation: “she burned incense”; Notes: Hifil denotes the act of causing smoke to rise—used for sacrificial or idolatrous incense burning.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition לְ + third mp suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Refers to the Baʿalim, indicating acts of devotion directed toward idols.
- וַתַּעַד (va-taʿad) – Root: עדה (ʿ-d-h); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3fs; Translation: “and she adorned herself”; Notes: Describes preparation for idolatrous rites or symbolic adultery.
- נִזְמָהּ (nizmah) – Root: נזם (n-z-m); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3fs suffix; Translation: “her nose ring”; Notes: A personal ornament associated with attraction and adornment; here, signifies enticement toward idols.
- וְחֶלְיָתָהּ (ve-ḥelyatah) – Root: חלי (ḥ-l-y); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular + 3fs suffix; Translation: “and her jewelry”; Notes: Refers to ornaments or finery symbolizing spiritual unfaithfulness and vanity.
- וַתֵּלֶךְ (va-telekh) – Root: הלך (h-l-k); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3fs; Translation: “and she went”; Notes: Continues the sequence of unfaithful actions; indicates persistence in idolatrous pursuit.
- אַחֲרֵי (ʾaḥarei) – Root: אחר (ʾ-ḥ-r); Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Common idiom for following in devotion—used here for spiritual adultery.
- מְאַהֲבֶיהָ (meʾahaveha) – Root: אהב (ʾ-h-v); Form: Participle masculine plural + 3fs suffix; Translation: “her lovers”; Notes: Represents idols or foreign nations that Israel pursued for security and favor.
- וְאֹתִי (ve-oti) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + direct object marker אֶת + first cs suffix; Translation: “but Me”; Notes: The contrast underscores Israel’s betrayal—turning from YHWH to false gods.
- שָׁכְחָה (shakhḥah) – Root: שׁכח (š-k-ḥ); Form: Qal perfect 3fs; Translation: “she forgot”; Notes: Indicates covenantal neglect and spiritual amnesia—forgetting her true Husband, YHWH.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם (n-ʾ-m); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + divine name; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: Formulaic prophetic phrase asserting divine authority behind the pronouncement.