Amos 6:8

נִשְׁבַּע֩ אֲדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֜ה בְּנַפְשֹׁ֗ו נְאֻם־יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י צְבָאֹ֔ות מְתָאֵ֤ב אָֽנֹכִי֙ אֶת־גְּאֹ֣ון יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וְאַרְמְנֹתָ֖יו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי וְהִסְגַּרְתִּ֖י עִ֥יר וּמְלֹאָֽהּ׃

The Lord YHWH has sworn by Himself, declares YHWH, the God of Hosts “I abhor the pride of Yaʿaqov, and I hate his palaces; therefore I will deliver up the city and all that is in it.”

Morphology

1. נִשְׁבַּע (nishbaʿ) – Root: שׁבע (shavaʿ); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has sworn”; Notes: Denotes a solemn divine oath; emphasizes YHWH’s irrevocable declaration.
2. אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Title of sovereignty; used here with the divine name to emphasize authority and judgment.
3. יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hvh); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of God; affirms His role as both witness and executor of the oath.
4. בְּנַפְשֹׁו (be-nafsho) – Root: נפשׁ (nefesh); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “by Himself” (lit. “by His soul”); Notes: Expresses the highest level of divine self-attestation—YHWH swears by His own being.
5. נְאֻם־יְהוָה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + divine name; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: Prophetic formula introducing a direct divine utterance.
6. אֱלֹהֵי־צְבָאֹות (ʾelohei-tsevaʾot) – Root: אלה (ʾeloh) + צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Construct phrase: noun masculine plural construct + noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “God of hosts”; Notes: Title of YHWH as commander of heavenly and earthly forces.
7. מְתָאֵב (metaʾev) – Root: תאב (taʾav); Form: Piel participle masculine singular; Translation: “I abhor”; Notes: Denotes intense moral revulsion; expresses YHWH’s utter rejection of human pride.
8. אָֽנֹכִי (ʾanokhi) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person common singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphatic pronoun—YHWH Himself is speaking.
9. אֶת־גְּאֹון (et-geʾon) – Root: גאון (geʾon); Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the pride of”; Notes: Refers to arrogance, self-exaltation, or national pride; object of YHWH’s hatred.
10. יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿaqov) – Root: עקב (ʿaqav); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Represents the nation of Yisraʾel collectively; here denoting its pride and corruption.
11. וְאַרְמְנֹתָיו (ve-armnotav) – Root: ארמון (armon); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and his palaces”; Notes: Symbolizes wealth and oppressive power—luxury built upon injustice.
12. שָׂנֵאתִי (saneti) – Root: שׂנא (saneʾ); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I hate”; Notes: Expresses strong divine disapproval and rejection of the corrupt symbols of success.
13. וְהִסְגַּרְתִּי (ve-hisgarti) – Root: סגר (sagar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hifil perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “and I will deliver up” or “shut up”; Notes: Implies surrendering the city to enemy control as judgment.
14. עִיר (ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “the city”; Notes: Likely refers to Shomeron (Samaria) or the collective urban centers of Yisraʾel.
15. וּמְלֹאָהּ (u-meloʾah) – Root: מלא (maleʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and all that is in it”; Notes: Encompasses inhabitants, possessions, and wealth—total destruction decreed.