וְהוּא֙ בַּמְּלָכִ֣ים יִתְקַלָּ֔ס וְרֹזְנִ֖ים מִשְׂחָ֣ק לֹ֑ו ה֚וּא לְכָל־מִבְצָ֣ר יִשְׂחָ֔ק וַיִּצְבֹּ֥ר עָפָ֖ר וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃
And he scoffs at kings, rulers are a joke to him. He laughs at every fortress; he heaps up earth and captures it.
Morphology
- וְהוּא (ve-hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Conjunction + independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “and he”; Notes: Continues the description of the Kasdim’s arrogant military power.
- בַּמְּלָכִים (ba-melakhim) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “with kings”; Notes: Indicates kings as the objects of his derision.
- יִתְקַלָּס (yitkallas) – Root: קלס (kallas); Form: Hitpael imperfect 3ms; Translation: “he mocks himself at”; Notes: Hitpael conveys derisive, scoffing behavior.
- וְרֹזְנִים (ve-roz’nim) – Root: רזן (razan); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and nobles”; Notes: Refers to high-ranking rulers or officials.
- מִשְׂחָק (mishḥaq) – Root: שׂחק (saḥaq); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “laughter”; Notes: Indicates ridicule or mockery.
- לֹו (lo) – Root: לו (lo); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3ms; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Shows that nobles are a source of amusement to him.
- הוּא (hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “he”; Notes: Resumes subject emphasis before the next clause.
- לְכָל־ (le-khol) – Root: כלל (kalal); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to every”; Notes: Introduces universal scope.
- מִבְצָר (mivtzar) – Root: בצר (batzar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “fortress”; Notes: Strongholds become objects of contempt to him.
- יִשְׂחָק (yisḥaq) – Root: שׂחק (saḥaq); Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “he laughs”; Notes: Portrays ease with which he dismisses defenses.
- וַיִּצְבֹּר (va-yitzbor) – Root: צבר (tzavar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he heaps up”; Notes: Describes piling up dirt to build siege ramps.
- עָפָר (afar) – Root: עפר (afar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “dust”; Notes: Refers to earth or soil used for siege embankments.
- וַיִּלְכְּדָהּ (va-yilkedah) – Root: לכד (lakad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + suffix 3fs; Translation: “and he captures it”; Notes: The 3fs suffix refers back to “fortress,” which in Hebrew is feminine.