Habakkuk 1:9

כֻּלֹּה֙ לְחָמָ֣ס יָבֹ֔וא מְגַמַּ֥ת פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם קָדִ֑ימָה וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף כַּחֹ֖ול שֶֽׁבִי׃

All of it for violence he comes the direction of their faces is eastward and he gathers like the sand captivity.

Morphology

1. כֻּלֹּה (kullo) – Root: כלל (kalal); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “all of it”; Notes: Refers to the entire invading force viewed as a unified destructive entity.
2. לְחָמָס (le-ḥamas) – Root: חמס (ḥamas); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for violence”; Notes: States the purpose or intent of the invasion.
3. יָבֹוא (yavo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “he comes”; Notes: Describes the continual advancing movement of the aggressor.
4. מְגַמַּת (megammet) – Root: גמא (gamaʾ); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “direction of”; Notes: Indicates orientation or aim of movement.
5. פְּנֵיהֶם (penehem) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + suffix 3mp; Translation: “their faces”; Notes: Faces symbolize intention or direction of assault.
6. קָדִימה (qadimah) – Root: קדם (qadam); Form: Adverb; Translation: “eastward”; Notes: Indicates direction of approach or invasion route.
7. וַיֶּאֱסֹף (va-yeʾesof) – Root: אסף (asaf); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he gathered”; Notes: Narrative past describing accumulation of captives.
8. כַּחֹול (ka-ḥol) – Root: חול (ḥol); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like the sand”; Notes: Hyperbole indicating vast quantity.
9. שֶׁבִי (shevi) – Root: שׁבה (shavah); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “captivity”; Notes: Refers to those taken as prisoners in conquest.