וְאֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי וָאָשִׂ֤ים אֶת־הָרָיו֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְאֶת־נַחֲלָתֹ֖ו לְתַנֹּ֥ות מִדְבָּֽר׃
And ʿEsaw I hated, and I set his mountains a desolation, and his inheritance to jackals of the wilderness.
Morphology
- וְאֶת (ve-ʾet) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + direct object marker אֶת; Translation: “and” (object marker); Notes: Marks the definite direct object עֵשָׂו.
- עֵשָׂו (ʿEsaw) – Root: עשׂו (ʿEsaw); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “ʿEsaw”; Notes: Elder son of Yitsḥaq and brother of Yaʿaqov, ancestor of Edom.
- שָׂנֵאתִי (saneti) – Root: שׂנא (saneʾ); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I hated”; Notes: Perfect form expressing completed action from the speaker’s perspective.
- וָאָשִׂים (va-ʾasim) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 1st person common singular; Translation: “and I set”; Notes: Wayyiqtol form continuing the narrative sequence of divine action.
- אֶת (ʾet) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker אֶת; Translation: object marker; Notes: Introduces the definite object הָרָיו.
- הָרָיו (harav) – Root: הר (har); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his mountains”; Notes: Refers to the mountainous region associated with ʿEsaw, namely Edom.
- שְׁמָמָה (shemamah) – Root: שׁמם (shamem); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “a desolation”; Notes: Predicate accusative describing the resulting state of the mountains.
- וְאֶת (ve-ʾet) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + direct object marker אֶת; Translation: “and” (object marker); Notes: Marks the definite object נַחֲלָתֹו.
- נַחֲלָתֹו (naḥalato) – Root: נחל (naḥal); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his inheritance”; Notes: Refers to the territorial possession belonging to ʿEsaw.
- לְתַנֹּות (le-tannot) – Root: תן (tan); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine plural; Translation: “to jackals”; Notes: Indicates purpose or result, describing the land being given over to wild creatures.
- מִדְבָּר (midbar) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “wilderness”; Notes: Specifies the desolate region inhabited by jackals.