עָמַ֣ד וַיְמֹ֣דֶד אֶ֗רֶץ רָאָה֙ וַיַּתֵּ֣ר גֹּויִ֔ם וַיִּתְפֹּֽצְצוּ֙ הַרְרֵי־עַ֔ד שַׁח֖וּ גִּבְעֹ֣ות עֹולָ֑ם הֲלִיכֹ֥ות עֹולָ֖ם לֹֽו׃
He stood and measured the earth; He looked and made nations tremble. The ancient mountains were shattered; the everlasting hills sank low. His ways are everlasting.
Morphology
- עָמַד (ʿamad) – Root: עמד (ʿamad); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “He stood”; Notes: Marks the beginning of the theophanic action.
- וַיְמֹדֶד (va-yemoded) – Root: מדד (madad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3ms; Translation: “and He measured”; Notes: Implies surveying or apportioning the earth.
- אֶרֶץ (erets) – Root: ארץ (erets); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Refers to the inhabited world.
- רָאָה (raʾah) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “He looked”; Notes: A divine glance with cosmic effects.
- וַיַּתֵּר (va-yatter) – Root: נתר (natar / yatar?); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and He made tremble”; Notes: Causes nations to quiver or shake.
- גֹּויִם (goyim) – Root: גוּי (goy); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Refers to all peoples under His judgment.
- וַיִּתְפֹּצְצוּ (va-yitpotsetsu) – Root: פצץ (petsats); Form: Hitpael wayyiqtol 3mp; Translation: “and were shattered”; Notes: Describes violent breaking apart.
- הַרְרֵי־עַד (harrei-ad) – Root: הר (har) / עד (ʿad); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + noun meaning “eternity”; Translation: “the ancient mountains”; Notes: Mountains symbolizing permanence collapse before Him.
- שַׁחוּ (shachu) – Root: שׁחה (shachah); Form: Qal perfect 3cp; Translation: “sank low”; Notes: Indicates bowing or collapsing.
- גִּבְעֹות (givʿot) – Root: גבע (gavaʿ); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “hills”; Notes: Lesser elevations compared to mountains.
- עֹולָם (olam) – Root: עלם (ʿalam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “everlasting”; Notes: Describes the hills as ancient or perpetual.
- הֲלִיכֹות (halikhot) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “ways”; Notes: Figurative: patterns or paths of divine action.
- עֹולָם (olam) – Root: עלם (ʿalam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “everlasting”; Notes: Indicates timelessness.
- לֹו (lo) – Root: ל (lamed); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3ms; Translation: “are His”; Notes: Asserts ownership of eternal ways.