וְכִֽי־יִפְתַּ֨ח אִ֜ישׁ בֹּ֗ור אֹ֠ו כִּֽי־יִכְרֶ֥ה אִ֛ישׁ בֹּ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יְכַסֶּ֑נּוּ וְנָֽפַל־שָׁ֥מָּה שֹּׁ֖ור אֹ֥ו חֲמֹֽור׃
If a man opens a pit, or if a man digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or a donkey falls into it,
Morphology
- וְכִֽי (ve-ki) – Root: Particle; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “And if”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause.
- יִפְתַּ֨ח (yiftah) – Root: פתח (p-t-h); Form: Verb, Qal imperfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “Opens”; Notes: Refers to the action of opening a pit.
- אִ֜ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “A man”; Notes: Specifies the subject.
- בֹּ֗ור (bor) – Root: בור (b-w-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Pit”; Notes: Refers to a hole or excavation.
- אֹ֠ו (ʾo) – Root: Particle; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Or”; Notes: Offers an alternative scenario.
- כִּֽי־יִכְרֶ֥ה (ki-yikhreh) – Root: כרה (k-r-h); Form: Conjunction + Qal imperfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “If a man digs”; Notes: Describes the action of digging a pit.
- וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: Particle; Form: Conjunction + negation; Translation: “And does not”; Notes: Introduces a negative condition.
- יְכַסֶּ֑נּוּ (yekhasenu) – Root: כסה (k-s-h); Form: Verb, Piel imperfect, third person masculine singular + third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Cover it”; Notes: Refers to the requirement to cover the pit.
- וְנָֽפַל (ve-nafal) – Root: נפל (n-p-l); Form: Verb, Qal perfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “Falls”; Notes: Describes the action of falling into the pit.
- שָׁ֥מָּה (shamah) – Root: שׁם (sh-m); Form: Adverb; Translation: “There”; Notes: Indicates the location of the fall.
- שֹּׁ֖ור (shor) – Root: שור (sh-w-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Ox”; Notes: Specifies one possible victim.
- אֹ֥ו (ʾo) – Root: Particle; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Or”; Notes: Offers an additional possibility.
- חֲמֹֽור (ḥamor) – Root: חמר (ḥ-m-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Donkey”; Notes: Indicates the other potential victim.