ק֣וּמוּ סְּע֗וּ וְעִבְרוּ֮ אֶת־נַ֣חַל אַרְנֹן֒ רְאֵ֣ה נָתַ֣תִּי בְ֠יָדְךָ אֶת־סִיחֹ֨ן מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶשְׁבֹּ֧ון הָֽאֱמֹרִ֛י וְאֶת־אַרְצֹ֖ו הָחֵ֣ל רָ֑שׁ וְהִתְגָּ֥ר בֹּ֖ו מִלְחָמָֽה׃
Rise, journey, and cross the valley of Arnon. See, I have given into your hand Siḥon, King of Ḥeshbon, the Emori, and his land. Begin to take possession and engage him in battle.
Morphology
- ק֣וּמוּ (qumu) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Rise”; Notes: A call to action, addressing the people collectively.
- סְּע֗וּ (seʾu) – Root: נשא (nśʾ); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Journey”; Notes: Commands them to move forward.
- וְעִבְרוּ֮ (veʿivru) – Root: עבר (ʿbr); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural with conjunction; Translation: “and cross”; Notes: Refers to crossing the Arnon River.
- נַ֣חַל (naḥal) – Root: נחל (nḥl); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “river”; Notes: Specifies the geographical feature.
- אַרְנֹן֒ (Arnon) – Root: ארנן (ʾrnn); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Arnon”; Notes: A river marking a boundary.
- רְאֵ֣ה (reʾeh) – Root: ראה (rʾh); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “See”; Notes: Directs attention to what YHWH has given.
- נָתַ֣תִּי (natatti) – Root: נתן (ntn); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have given”; Notes: Indicates a completed divine action.
- בְ֠יָדְךָ (viyadkha) – Root: יד (yd); Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “into your hand”; Notes: Symbolizes control or possession.
- סִיחֹ֨ן (Siḥon) – Root: סיח (sḥ); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Sihon”; Notes: Refers to the Amorite king.
- מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶשְׁבֹּ֧ון (melekh-Ḥeshbon) – Root: מלך (mlk) + חשבון (ḥšbwn); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun; Translation: “King of Ḥeshbon”; Notes: Describes Sihon’s domain.
- הָֽאֱמֹרִ֛י (haʾEmori) – Root: אמר (ʾmr); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the Amorite”; Notes: Specifies his ethnicity.
- וְאֶת־אַרְצֹ֖ו (veʾet-artzo) – Root: ארץ (ʾrṣ); Form: Conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his land”; Notes: Refers to the territory of Sihon.
- הָחֵ֣ל (haḥel) – Root: חלל (ḥll); Form: Hiphil imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Begin”; Notes: Urges initiation of action.
- רָ֑שׁ (rash) – Root: ירש (yrš); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to take possession”; Notes: Refers to inheriting the land.
- וְהִתְגָּ֥ר (vehitgar) – Root: גרה (grh); Form: Hitpael imperative masculine singular; Translation: “engage”; Notes: Implies initiating a confrontation.
- בֹּ֖ו (bo) – Root: בוא (bwʾ); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with him”; Notes: Refers to engaging Sihon.
- מִלְחָמָֽה (milḥamah) – Root: לחם (lḥm); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “in battle”; Notes: Specifies the nature of the confrontation.