וְכִפֶּ֤ר אַהֲרֹן֙ עַל־קַרְנֹתָ֔יו אַחַ֖ת בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה מִדַּ֞ם חַטַּ֣את הַכִּפֻּרִ֗ים אַחַ֤ת בַּשָּׁנָה֙ יְכַפֵּ֤ר עָלָיו֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם קֹֽדֶשׁ־קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה׃ פ
And Aharon shall make atonement on its horns once a year; with the blood of the sin offering of atonement, once a year he shall make atonement for it throughout your generations. It is most holy to YHWH.
Morphology
- וְכִפֶּ֤ר (vekipper) – Root: כפר (k-p-r); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he shall make atonement”; Notes: Refers to the ritual act of making atonement on the altar’s horns.
- אַהֲרֹן֙ (Aharon) – Root: אהרן (ʾ-h-r-n); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Aharon”; Notes: Refers to the high priest performing the atonement ritual.
- עַל־קַרְנֹתָ֔יו (ʿal-qarnotav) – Root: קרן (q-r-n); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine plural with 3ms suffix; Translation: “On its horns”; Notes: Refers to the horns of the altar as the site of atonement.
- אַחַ֖ת (aḥat) – Root: אחד (ʾ-ḥ-d); Form: Numeral, feminine singular; Translation: “Once”; Notes: Specifies the frequency of the ritual, once a year.
- בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה (bashanah) – Root: שנה (sh-n-h); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “In the year”; Notes: Indicates the annual nature of the atonement ritual.
- מִדַּ֞ם (middam) – Root: דם (d-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “With the blood of”; Notes: Refers to the blood used for atonement.
- חַטַּ֣את (ḥattat) – Root: חטא (ḥ-ṭ-ʾ); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “The sin offering”; Notes: Refers to the offering used for atonement.
- הַכִּפֻּרִ֗ים (hakkippurim) – Root: כפר (k-p-r); Form: Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “Of atonement”; Notes: Refers to the Day of Atonement or the ritual act of atonement.
- אַחַ֤ת (aḥat) – Root: אחד (ʾ-ḥ-d); Form: Numeral, feminine singular; Translation: “Once”; Notes: Reiterates the annual occurrence of the ritual.
- בַּשָּׁנָה֙ (bashanah) – Root: שנה (sh-n-h); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “In the year”; Notes: Reinforces the timing of the atonement ritual.
- יְכַפֵּ֤ר (yekhapper) – Root: כפר (k-p-r); Form: Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “He shall make atonement”; Notes: Refers to the act of atonement being performed yearly.
- עָלָיו֙ (alav) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition + Pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “For it”; Notes: Refers to the altar receiving the atonement ritual.
- לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם (ledoroteikhem) – Root: דור (d-w-r); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural with 2mp suffix; Translation: “For your generations”; Notes: Indicates the perpetual obligation of this ritual for Yisra’el.
- קֹֽדֶשׁ־קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים (kodesh-kodashim) – Root: קדש (q-d-sh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “Most holy”; Notes: Refers to the highest level of sanctity assigned to this ritual.
- ה֖וּא (hu) – Root: הוא (h-w); Form: Pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “It is”; Notes: Refers to the altar’s designation as most holy.
- לַיהוָֽה (laYHWH) – Root: יהוה (Y-H-W-H); Form: Preposition + Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “To YHWH”; Notes: Indicates that the atonement is dedicated to YHWH.