Exodus 32:31

וַיָּ֧שָׁב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אָ֣נָּ֗א חָטָ֞א הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י זָהָֽב׃

And Moshe returned to YHWH and said, “Oh, this people have sinned a great sin and have made for themselves a god of gold.

Morphology

1. וַיָּ֧שָׁב (vayashov) – Root: שוב (sh-w-b); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he returned”; Notes: Refers to Moshe going back to YHWH.
2. מֹשֶׁ֛ה (Moshe) – Root: משה (m-sh-h); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: Refers to Moses, the leader of Yisra’el.
3. אֶל־ (el) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition; Translation: “To”; Notes: Indicates the direction of Moshe’s return.
4. יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (y-h-w-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the LORD.
5. וַיֹּאמַ֑ר (vayomar) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Refers to Moshe speaking to YHWH.
6. אָ֣נָּ֗א (anna) – Root: אנא (ʾ-n-ʾ); Form: Interjection; Translation: “Oh”; Notes: Expresses Moshe’s urgency or plea.
7. חָטָ֞א (ḥata) – Root: חטא (ḥ-ṭ-ʾ); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “He has sinned”; Notes: Refers to the people’s action.
8. הָעָ֤ם (haʿam) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The people”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
9. הַזֶּה֙ (hazeh) – Root: זה (z-h); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “This”; Notes: Refers to the specific group of people.
10. חֲטָאָ֣ה (ḥataʾah) – Root: חטא (ḥ-ṭ-ʾ); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “A sin”; Notes: Indicates the nature of their wrongdoing.
11. גְדֹלָ֔ה (gedolah) – Root: גדל (g-d-l); Form: Adjective, feminine singular; Translation: “Great”; Notes: Describes the magnitude of the sin.
12. וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ (vayyaʿasu) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “And they made”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites’ action of creating an idol.
13. לָהֶ֖ם (lahem) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition + Pronoun, 3mp; Translation: “For themselves”; Notes: Indicates the self-serving nature of their act.
14. אֱלֹהֵ֥י (elohei) – Root: אלוה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “A god of”; Notes: Refers to the idol they made.
15. זָהָֽב׃ (zahav) – Root: זהב (z-h-v); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Gold”; Notes: Specifies the material of the idol.