לְהַעֲלֹ֤ות חֵמָה֙ לִנְקֹ֣ם נָקָ֔ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־דָּמָ֖הּ עַל־צְחִ֣יחַ סָ֑לַע לְבִלְתִּ֖י הִכָּסֹֽות׃ פ
To raise wrath, to take vengeance, I have set her blood upon the bare rock, so that it not be covered.”
Morphology
- לְהַעֲלֹות (le-haʿalot) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Hiphil infinitive construct with לְ; Translation: “to raise”; Notes: Expresses purpose: to provoke or stir up wrath.
- חֵמָה (ḥemah) – Root: חמה (ḥemah); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “wrath”; Notes: Refers to divine anger or burning indignation.
- לִנְקֹם (linqom) – Root: נקם (naqam); Form: Qal infinitive construct with לְ; Translation: “to take vengeance”; Notes: Infinitive of purpose, parallel to the previous infinitive.
- נָקָם (naqam) – Root: נקם (naqam); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “vengeance”; Notes: Expresses retribution or justice.
- נָתַתִּי (natatti) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I have set”; Notes: YHWH as speaker declaring judgment.
- אֶת־דָּמָהּ (ʾet-damah) – Root: דם (dam); Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her blood”; Notes: Refers to the bloodguilt of the city.
- עַל־צְחִיחַ (ʿal-tseḥiḥ) – Root: צחח (tsaḥaḥ); Form: Preposition עַל + adjective masculine singular absolute; Translation: “upon the bare”; Notes: Emphasizes exposure without covering.
- סָלַע (salaʿ) – Root: סלע (selaʿ); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “rock”; Notes: A rocky surface left uncovered.
- לְבִלְתִּי (le-vilti) – Root: Negative particle; Form: Infinitive construct marker with לְ + negation; Translation: “so that not”; Notes: Introduces the negative purpose clause.
- הִכָּסֹות (hikkasot) – Root: כסּה (kasah); Form: Niphal infinitive construct; Translation: “to be covered”; Notes: Passive sense, indicating that the blood was intentionally left uncovered.